Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global health challenge, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Despite the effectiveness of standard anti-tubercular therapy (ATT), limitations such as drug resistance, long treatment duration, toxicity, and poor patient compliance necessitate alternative or complementary therapeutic strategies. Herbal medicine, a cornerstone of traditional medicine systems, has emerged as a promising adjunct in TB management. This review explores the pharmacological potential of medicinal plants with antimycobacterial, immunomodulatory, and anti-inflammatory properties. Key herbs, their active constituents, and mechanisms of action are discussed. Integration of herbal medicine in TB treatment may enhance therapeutic efficacy, reduce adverse effects, and improve patient outcomes, though more clinical trials are required to validate efficacy and safety.

Bul maqalada Qaraqalpaq jazıwshısı K.Karimovtıń “Aǵabiy” romanında Antonim ham sinonim sózlerdiń qollanılıw ózgeshelikleri berilgen. Jazıwshınıń romanda antonim ham sinonim sózlerdi qollanıw stili, ózgeshelikleri mısallar tiykarında talqılanǵan.

Ushbu maqolada xalq dostonlari leksikasi qiyosiy tarixiy tahlil qilinadi va ularning o’zaro munosabati, shakllanish va manbalari, shuningdek, xalq dostonlari tilidagi qadimgi turkiy so’zlar tahlil ostiga olinadi.

The automatization of the heart is its fundamental ability to independently generate electrical impulses that initiate heart contractions, without external stimulation from the nervous system. This review is devoted to a comprehensive review of this phenomenon. The main driver of the rhythm is normally the sinoatrial (CA) node, whose cells have unique electrophysiological properties, in particular, the ability to slow spontaneous diastolic depolarization (phase 4 of the action potential). This process is based on the complex dynamics of ion currents, including the "funny" current (If), calcium currents (ICa,T, ICa,L) and potassium currents (IK). The review examines in detail the ionic mechanisms of pacemaker activity, the hierarchy of pacemakers (CA node, atrioventricular node, Gis-Purkinje system) and the phenomenon of suppression of the underlying centers of automatism (overdrive suppression). The mechanisms of regulation of heart rate by the autonomic nervous system (sympathetic and parasympathetic), humoral factors (adrenaline, thyroid hormones) and other influences (temperature, ion balance, hypoxia) are highlighted. The clinical significance of automation is discussed, including pathological conditions such as CA node dysfunction (sinus node weakness syndrome), ectopic foci of automatism, atrial and ventricular arrhythmias associated with abnormal automation, as well as approaches to their diagnosis (ECG) and treatment (antiarrhythmic drugs, artificial pacemakers). In conclusion, modern research directions in this field are considered, including the study of the genetic basis of automatism disorders and the development of biological rhythm drivers.

Ushbu maqolada muallif o'zbek millati o'z farzandlariga o'zbekona ism tanlash, va uning tarixiy ismlarni inobatga olgan xolda farzandiga qo'yish haqida qisqacha fikrlar bayon qiladi. Ismlar millat shaʼni obroʻsiga nufuziga yarasha ismlar haqida fikirlar yuritgan. Hamda oʻzbek ismiga "Xon", "Bek", Jon" qoʻshimcha deyiladi, ammo oddiy qoʻshimcha emasligini, unda oʻzbekning asl nasabini belgilovchi, anglatuvchi qoʻshimchaligi haqida bayon qiladi.