В данной статье рассматривается использование паратаксиса как выразительного синтаксического приёма в романе Б. Л. Пастернака «Доктор Живаго». Паратаксис анализируется как способ создания особой ритмики текста, передачи внутреннего состояния героев, формирования образов природы и событий. Приводятся разнообразные примеры из романа, демонстрирующие художественные функции сочинительной и бессоюзной связи. Делается вывод о том, что паратаксис в прозе Пастернака служит не только средством организации текста, но и важным элементом авторского стиля, сближающим прозаическое повествование с поэтической речью.

Ushbu maqolada ta‘lim muassasalarida o‘qitish metodikasining dolzarb muammolari tahlil qilinadi. Maqolada zamonaviy pedagogik yondashuvlar, interaktiv ta‘lim metodlarining ahamiyati, ta‘lim va tarbiyaning integratsiyasi, o‘qituvchilar va o‘quvchilar o‘rtasidagi aloqalarning zaifligi kabi masalalar ko‘rib chiqiladi.

Der Artikel untersucht die aktuellen politischen Maßnahmen zum Klimaschutz und bewertet deren Wirksamkeit im Kontext nationaler und internationaler Umweltpolitik. Im Mittelpunkt stehen das Pariser Klimaabkommen, der europäische Green Deal sowie das deutsche Klimaschutzgesetz. Die Analyse basiert auf politischen Strategien, statistischen Daten und wissenschaftlichen Studien. Die Ergebnisse zeigen zwar Fortschritte beim Ausbau erneuerbarer Energien, aber auch erhebliche Defizite in Bereichen wie Verkehr und Industrie. Die Diskussion hebt hervor, dass eine konsequente Umsetzung, internationale Kooperation und gesellschaftliche Beteiligung unerlässlich sind, um die Klimaziele zu erreichen.

This article explores the intricate relationship between language and culture, focusing on the role of aphorisms as a linguistic reflection of cultural values and societal norms. Through a linguacultural analysis, the study examines how aphorisms about the “motherland” capture deeply embedded cultural beliefs about national identity, loyalty, and belonging. Drawing on a wide range of academic sources, including works by Yule, Ter-Minasova, Scollon, and others, the article discusses the ways in which language both shapes and is shaped by cultural practices. It highlights the metaphorical use of language in expressing enduring ties to one’s homeland and analyzes how these metaphors are integral to understanding collective identity. In doing so, the paper connects theories of intercultural communication, linguistic anthropology, and cultural studies to show how aphorisms function as a powerful tool for conveying the symbolic relationship between individuals and their nation. Through this analysis, the article contributes to the broader discourse on language, culture, and communication, offering insights into the ways language serves as a vehicle for cultural expression and societal cohesion.

Small biopsies are of great importance in pathological diagnostics, as they allow for the early detection of many diseases and the determination of treatment strategies. However, morphological errors that occur during the evaluation of these samples can lead to incorrect diagnosis and a negative impact on the patient's health. The article analyzes the main morphological errors that occur during the study of small biopsies, their causes and clinical consequences. It also highlights the importance of improving the biopsy technique, proper sample preparation, and the use of modern diagnostic methods (immunohistochemistry, molecular diagnostics) to prevent errors. The study also shows the possibilities of reducing diagnostic errors by improving the professional skills of pathologists and strengthening quality control.