Preschool education covers different periods of development. The article separately highlights the tasks of raising preschool children.

The article examines the individual style, creative manner of A.P. Chekhov, the features of the language of the great writer's works, to whose work scientists have devoted their research from the point of view of the onomasiological context, textual syntagmatics of works. Chekhov's language is extremely expressive in the nature of the linguistic means used, as well as in the way they are used.

In this article, speech defects, various cases in which they occur in children, the use of fairy-tale therapy in eliminating these defects in children, the importance of fairy-tale therapy, the use of various methods in the elimination of defects in children today, and related issues are expressed. Also, the article describes the pedagogical and psychological possibilities of fairy tale therapy, the content of their use.

The article examines the phenomenon of concentration of space in the "threshold" topos of Lyudmila Petrushevskaya's one-act plays using the play "Moscow Choir" as an example. It analyzes how closed and limited space becomes a symbolic threshold between different states: life and death, past and present, reality and absurdity.

This article discusses effective modern pedagogical technologies that a teacher of Russian language and literature can use in his/her work. Particular attention is paid to the technologies of the activity method, which form in schoolchildren the ability to independently obtain new knowledge, collect the necessary information, put forward hypotheses, draw conclusions and inferences, not get lost in a situation of uncertainty, be able to establish effective communications with different people, and remain moral.