Mazkur maqola orqali Franz Kafkaning 1912-yilda yozilgan “Hukm” hikoyasining chuqur ma’no mazmunini tahlil qilinadi. Hikoya Georg Bendeman ismli yosh savdogarning otasi bilan bo‘lgan murakkab munosabatlari, psixologik ziddiyatlari va o‘zini o‘zi anglash jarayonidagi to‘siqlar orqali insonning ichki kurashi, avtoritar figuralar oldidagi ojizlik va ekzistensial inqirozni o‘rganadi. Maqola adabiy tahlil usullaridan foydalangan holda hikoyaning ramziy tuzilishi, psixologik chuqurligi va falsafiy mazmunini ochib beradi. Kafkaning shaxsiy hayoti, xususan, otasi bilan munosabatlari hikoyaning avtobiografik kontekstini tushunishda muhim omil sifatida ko‘rib chiqiladi. Hikoyaning zamonaviy adabiyotdagi o‘rni va uning universal mavzulari maqolaning muhokama qismida yoritiladi.

Ushbu maqolada tijorat banklarida lizing operatsiyalarini hisobga olish va auditini tashkil etish masalalari nazariy va amaliy jihatdan yoritilgan. Lizingning moliyaviy vosita sifatidagi iqtisodiy ahamiyati, uning turlari va me’yoriy-huquqiy asoslari tahlil qilingan. Xalqaro moliyaviy hisobot standartlari, xususan IFRS 16 talablari asosida banklarda lizing operatsiyalarini buxgalteriya hisobida aks ettirish usullari ko‘rib chiqilgan. Audit jarayonida lizing shartnomalarining to‘g‘ri e’tirof etilishi, moliyaviy natijalarga ta’siri hamda risklarni baholash mexanizmlari o‘rganilgan. Maqolada amaldagi holat tahlili asosida tijorat banklarida lizing operatsiyalari hisobini va auditini takomillashtirish bo‘yicha tavsiyalar ishlab chiqilgan.

Maqolada tijorat banklarida asosiy vositalar hisobini yuritish va ularni audit qilish tizimini takomillashtirish masalalari har tomonlama tahlil qilingan. Asosiy vositalarning bank faoliyatidagi ahamiyati, ularning baholash va amortizatsiya hisoblash usullari, shuningdek, xalqaro moliyaviy hisobot standartlariga (IFRS) moslashtirish jarayonidagi dolzarb jihatlar yoritilgan. Tadqiqotda O‘zbekiston tijorat banklari misolida asosiy vositalar dinamikasi, ularni boshqarishdagi mavjud kamchiliklar va audit jarayonida uchraydigan muammolar statistik va amaliy jihatdan tahlil etilgan. Natijada, amortizatsiya siyosatini diversifikatsiya qilish, raqamli inventarizatsiya tizimlarini joriy etish, IFRS talablariga to‘liq moslash va audit jarayonini axborot texnologiyalari asosida avtomatlashtirish bo‘yicha taklif va tavsiyalar ishlab chiqilgan.

This research explores the effective use of Artificial Intelligence in crafting customized learning strategies aimed at students who regularly face difficulties in mastering the English language. As AI-enhanced educational tools continue to develop, the potential for delivering personalized instruction has greatly improved. The research explores key obstacles encountered by such learners, analyzes current AI-based educational interventions, and introduces a flexible model for implementing AI-driven adaptive methods tailored to individual learning profiles. The results indicate that AI significantly contributes to enhancing English learning outcomes through individualized support, prompt responses, and continuous encouragement.

This article analyzes the theoretical and practical aspects of the project-based recruitment process at the international and local levels using the example of a group of companies. As an international company, one of the leading financial institutions in Europe — OTP Group, and as a local company, its subsidiary bank in Uzbekistan — “Ipotekabank” OTP Group is selected. The study studies international experiences of project-based recruitment, assessment and selection stages, competency maps and technological solutions, and compares them with local practice. In the international OTP Group experience, recruitment strategies based on project management methodologies such as PMBOK, Agile and PRINCE2, remote candidate assessment systems, KPI-based contracting and rapid onboarding mechanisms are used. In the practice of “Ipotekabank” OTP Group, the gradual adaptation of international standards, assessment criteria adapted to the local labor market, harmonization of offline and online interviews, and adaptation to the bank's corporate culture are analyzed. According to the results of the study, practical recommendations will be developed to improve the efficiency of project-based recruitment, accelerate the selection of qualified personnel, and strengthen the competitiveness of the bank by adapting international experience to local conditions.