Mazkur maqolada yopiq va ochiq axborot tizimlari va resurslarini yagona axborot makonida integratsiyalashning konseptual va amaliy asoslari keng qamrovda tahlil etiladi. Integratsiyalash modeli doirasida axborot almashinuvi, tizimlararo moslashuvchanlik (interoperabilitet), xavfsizlik strategiyalari, huquqiy va axloqiy masalalar, texnik arxitektura hamda standartlashtirish muammolari har tomonlama ko‘rib chiqiladi. Yopiq tizimlarning ishonchlilik va maxfiylik talablari bilan ochiq tizimlarning ochiqlik, innovatsion yondashuv va shaffoflik prinsiplari o‘rtasida muvozanatni ta’minlash modelning markaziy vazifasidir. Tahlil davomida SOA (Xizmatga asoslangan arxitektura), API Gateway, ETL texnologiyalari, axborot xavfsizligi protokollari, va mashina-o‘qilishi mumkin bo‘lgan interfeyslar kabi zamonaviy texnik yechimlar misolida amaliy yondashuvlar yoritiladi. Ushbu maqola ilmiy izlanishlar, davlat va korporativ axborot infratuzilmalari hamda raqamli transformatsiya loyihalari uchun zaruriy nazariy va metodologik asosni shakllantiradi.

In recent decades, the prevalence of allergic respiratory diseases, such as asthma and allergic rhinitis, in children has been rising at an alarming rate. One of the key contributors to this trend is climate change, which has altered environmental conditions, exacerbating the frequency and intensity of allergens such as pollen, mold, and air pollutants. This paper examines the dynamics of the increasing incidence of allergic respiratory diseases in children under the conditions of climate change. It explores the key environmental factors-such as rising temperatures, longer pollen seasons, and worsening air quality-that contribute to this growing health concern. The paper also delves into the vulnerability of children, whose developing immune and respiratory systems make them more susceptible to environmental stressors. In addition, it emphasizes the importance of preventive measures, including environmental regulation, early detection, allergen avoidance strategies, and public health policies aimed at reducing exposure to harmful environmental factors.

This article provides a comprehensive overview of research conducted on the activities of schools and madrasas in the Kokand Khanate. It explores the types of educational institutions, the methods used to teach students, and the organizational aspects of classes. The work also reflects on historical accounts, foreign and local researchers' contributions, and the impact of traditional Islamic education on society in the region.

В данной статье рассматривается использование паратаксиса как выразительного синтаксического приёма в романе Б. Л. Пастернака «Доктор Живаго». Паратаксис анализируется как способ создания особой ритмики текста, передачи внутреннего состояния героев, формирования образов природы и событий. Приводятся разнообразные примеры из романа, демонстрирующие художественные функции сочинительной и бессоюзной связи. Делается вывод о том, что паратаксис в прозе Пастернака служит не только средством организации текста, но и важным элементом авторского стиля, сближающим прозаическое повествование с поэтической речью.

Mazkur maqolada yosh bolalarning psixologik tarbiyasi va uning inson hayotidagi ahamiyati yoritilgan. Bolaning psixik rivojlanishi, shaxs sifatida shakllanishi, atrof-muhitga moslashuvi, o‘zini anglash va boshqalar bilan munosabat o‘rnatish qobiliyati, aynan go‘daklik va erta yoshdagi tarbiya jarayoniga chambarchas bog‘liqdir. Maqolada oiladagi muhit, ota-ona va tarbiyachilarning roli, mehr-muhabbat, tushunish va emotsional qo‘llab-quvvatlash kabi psixologik omillar yoritib berilgan. Shuningdek, bolaning xarakteriga salbiy ta’sir ko‘rsatadigan omillar, masalan, befarqlik, jazolash, e’tiborsizlik kabi holatlar haqida ham so‘z yuritiladi. Muallif psixologik tarbiyaning sog‘lom jamiyat shakllanishidagi o‘rni va dolzarbligini asoslab beradi hamda amaliy tavsiyalarni taqdim etadi. Ushbu maqola o‘qituvchilar, tarbiyachilar, psixologlar hamda ota-onalar uchun foydali qo‘llanma bo‘la oladi.