This article explores the concept of accountability in international organizations, focusing on how control by members and access to information are critical indicators of accountability. It highlights the mechanisms through which member states or shareholders can exert influence over decision-making processes, especially in intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations. The article delves into the roles of governing and executive bodies in these organizations, examining the importance of equitable representation and transparency. It also addresses how access to information influences organizational accountability, emphasizing that without proper disclosure, stakeholders cannot effectively hold organizations accountable. Additional indicators, such as the process of appointing senior officials, decision enforcement, evaluation procedures, consultation with external stakeholders, complaint mechanisms, and social responsibility, are briefly discussed.

Diabetes is a disease that occurs as a result of impaired carbohydrate and water metabolism in the body. It is a consequence of impaired pancreatic function. The pancreas produces the hormone insulin. Insulin is involved in the processing of sugar. Without this hormone, the body cannot maintain the level of glucose in the blood at normal levels and its level increases. As a result, the body excretes excess glucose through the urine.

This article is devoted to studying the role of new signs in the sign language system and their communicative effectiveness. Sign language is of vital importance for people with hearing impairments and is the main tool for ensuring effective communication with them. The article considers the inclusion of new signs in the language system, their importance in expanding the lexical wealth of the language and increasing communicative capabilities.

This article presents some considerations on the pronunciation and spelling of new loanwords. The correspondence and inconsistencies between the spelling and pronunciation of loanwords are analyzed. Also, recommendations are given on determining the correct pronunciation and spelling of loanwords.

In this scientific article, a comparative analysis of the concepts of ethnicity and nation is carried out. First, the historical, cultural and political aspects of the concepts of ethnicity and nation are deeply studied in the article. the differences and similarities between these are analyzed, the social importance, role in society, and specific characteristics of each are highlighted.