Ushbu maqolada xalq dostonlari leksikasi qiyosiy tarixiy tahlil qilinadi va ularning o’zaro munosabati, shakllanish va manbalari, shuningdek, xalq dostonlari tilidagi qadimgi turkiy so’zlar tahlil ostiga olinadi.

The automatization of the heart is its fundamental ability to independently generate electrical impulses that initiate heart contractions, without external stimulation from the nervous system. This review is devoted to a comprehensive review of this phenomenon. The main driver of the rhythm is normally the sinoatrial (CA) node, whose cells have unique electrophysiological properties, in particular, the ability to slow spontaneous diastolic depolarization (phase 4 of the action potential). This process is based on the complex dynamics of ion currents, including the "funny" current (If), calcium currents (ICa,T, ICa,L) and potassium currents (IK). The review examines in detail the ionic mechanisms of pacemaker activity, the hierarchy of pacemakers (CA node, atrioventricular node, Gis-Purkinje system) and the phenomenon of suppression of the underlying centers of automatism (overdrive suppression). The mechanisms of regulation of heart rate by the autonomic nervous system (sympathetic and parasympathetic), humoral factors (adrenaline, thyroid hormones) and other influences (temperature, ion balance, hypoxia) are highlighted. The clinical significance of automation is discussed, including pathological conditions such as CA node dysfunction (sinus node weakness syndrome), ectopic foci of automatism, atrial and ventricular arrhythmias associated with abnormal automation, as well as approaches to their diagnosis (ECG) and treatment (antiarrhythmic drugs, artificial pacemakers). In conclusion, modern research directions in this field are considered, including the study of the genetic basis of automatism disorders and the development of biological rhythm drivers.

Ushbu maqolada surunkali stressning inson miyasi, xususan, gepokamp strukturasi va funksiyasiga ta’siri ko‘rib chiqilgan. Gepokamp — xotira, o‘rganish va emotsional regulyatsiyada muhim rol o‘ynovchi miya strukturasi bo‘lib, stressga sezgir zonalardan biridir. Maqolada avvalo gepokampning morfologiyasi va vazifalari, so‘ngra stress tushunchasi hamda organizmga ta’siri yoritilgan. Asosiy e’tibor surunkali stress holatlarida glukokortikoidlar va boshqa neyromediatorlarning gepokampga ko‘rsatadigan zararli ta’sirlariga qaratiladi. Surunkali stress natijasida neyrogenezning susayishi, nevronlar sonining kamayishi, sinaptik aloqalarning buzilishi va gepokamp atrofiyasi kabi o‘zgarishlar yuzaga keladi. Ushbu o‘zgarishlar kognitiv faoliyatning pasayishi, xotira buzilishlari, depressiya va tashvish holatlari bilan bog‘liq bo‘ladi. Shuningdek, maqolada stress oqibatlarini kamaytirish va gepokamp funksiyalarini tiklash bo‘yicha farmakologik. Tadqiqotlar natijasida kelgusida ushbu sohada chuqurroq izlanishlar olib borish zaruriyati asoslab berilgan.

Mazkur maqolada talabalar orasida sport menejmentiga bo‘lgan qiziqishni o‘rganish va sport menejmenti sohasiga yangi fikrlash tizimini kiritish, innovatsion yondashuvlar orqali kadrlar salohiyatini oshirish hamda iqtidorli yoshlarni sohaga jalb qilish bo‘yicha zamonaviy uslublar tahlil qilinadi. Shuningdek, sport menejerlarini tayyorlashda ilm-fan, texnologiya va amaliyotning uyg‘unlashgan holatdagi o‘rni yoritiladi.

Ushbu ishda ortiqcha vazn va semizlikning inson salomatligiga salbiy ta'siri, shuningdek, u bilan bogʻliq bo‘lgan turli kasalliklarning kelib chiqish sabablari yoritilgan. Ayniqsa, yurak-qon tomir kasalliklari, qandli diabet (2-tur), gipertoniya, jigar yogʻlanishi, bo‘g‘imlar og‘rishi kabi kasalliklarning rivojlanishida ortiqcha vaznning o‘rni tahlil qilingan. Shuningdek, ortiqcha vaznga olib keluvchi omillar – noto‘g‘ri ovqatlanish, jismoniy faollik yetishmasligi, genetik moyillik va psixologik holat haqida ham so‘z yuritilgan. Ishda ushbu muammoni bartaraf etish yo‘llari, jumladan, sog‘lom turmush tarzi, ovqatlanish tartibini o‘zgartirish, jismoniy mashqlar va profilaktika choralarining ahamiyati ko‘rsatib o‘tilgan. Tadqiqot keng jamoatchilik, tibbiyot mutaxassislari va sog‘lom turmush tarzini targ‘ib qiluvchi shaxslar uchun foydali bo‘lishi mumkin.