Ushbu maqola O‘zbekiston Respublikasidagi saylov tizimini tahlil qiladi, uning huquqiy asoslari, amaliy jarayonlari, ijobiy tomonlari va muammolarini yoritadi. Tadqiqotda saylov qonunlarining rivojlanishi, siyosiy partiyalarning rolini oshirish, saylov shaffofligi va raqobatbardoshligi masalalari ko‘rib chiqiladi. Shuningdek, prezidentlik, parlament va mahalliy saylovlar tizimlari, shu jumladan ovoz berish usullari, saylov komissiyalarining faoliyati va saylov natijalariga ishonchlilik darajasi baholanadi. Maqolada O‘zbekiston saylov tizimi AQSh, Germaniya kabi rivojlangan demokratiya davlatlarning saylov tizimlari bilan solishtiriladi. Xalqaro tajriba asosida saylov qonunchiligini takomillashtirish, saylov shaffofligini oshirish va fuqarolik jamiyatining ishtirokini kuchaytirish bo‘yicha amaliy takliflar ishlab chiqilgan. Tadqiqotdan ko’zlangan asosiy maqsad saylov jarayonini huquqiy asoslarini takomillashtirish va mavjud kamchiliklarni bartaraf etish uchun g’oyalar berishdan iborat. Tadqiqot jarayonida milliy qonunchilikda qo’llanilayotgan saylov tashkil etish usuli, saylov va uni tashkil etish to’g’risidagi qarashlar, amaliyot va qonunchilik hujjatlari: tahlil, funksional, tuzilmaviy, qiyosiy va boshqa usullar vositasida tadqiq etildi.

Voleybol o‘yini, jamoaviy sport bo‘lib, unda o‘yinchilarning to‘pni uzatish va qabul qilish harakatlari o‘yinning muvaffaqiyatli o‘tishini belgilovchi asosiy omillardir. Ushbu maqolada voleybol maydonidagi to‘pni uzatish va qabul qilish harakatlarining ahamiyati, ularning turli usullari va ularning o‘yin natijasiga ta’siri ko‘rib chiqiladi. To‘pni uzatish va qabul qilish jarayonlari, o‘yinchilarning texnik mahoratiga, hamda jamoaviy o‘yin strategiyasiga asoslanadi. Maqola o‘yinchilarning to‘pni uzatish va qabul qilishni qanday to‘g‘ri amalga oshirishlari va bu jarayonning o‘yindagi umumiy muvaffaqiyatga ta’siri haqida tahlil olib boradi.

This article explores the development and evolution of slang, emphasizing its role in the dynamic nature of language and its reflection of societal and cultural changes. It examines how slang has emerged from subcultures, evolved over time, and adapted to technological advancements and social movements. The article highlights the factors influencing slang’s development, including social identity, creativity, and communication efficiency. Key examples illustrate how slang has shaped language, with terms like "cool" and "hangry" evolving from niche usage to mainstream acceptance. The article concludes by discussing the enduring nature of slang as a powerful tool for linguistic innovation and cultural expression.

False testimony is considered one of the significant challenges in the judicial system of Afghanistan, having widespread negative impacts on the implementation of justice. This article explores the concept, elements, and penalties for false testimony in Hanafi jurisprudence and the Afghanistan’s Penal Code. According to findings, in Hanafi jurisprudence, false testimony is regarded as a major sin, with penalties such as public humiliation, flogging, and imprisonment prescribed for it. In the Afghanistan criminal justice system, false testimony is also defined as a crime with punishments such as imprisonment, fines, and the imposition of penalties on the false witness based on its impact on the proceedings. The aim of this research is to clarify and examine the crime of false testimony in the Afghanistan’s criminal justice system and to seek answers regarding what constitutes false testimony within this system. The research method employed in this article is fundamental, with information gathered using a descriptive-analytical approach and through library research. The results indicate that Afghan legislators largely follow the views of Imam Abu Yusuf and Muhammad, students of Imam Abu Hanifa, and have attempted to prevent the proliferation of this phenomenon through legal measures. The similarities of this crime in Hanafi jurisprudence and Afghanistan’s criminal law include legal and jurisprudential foundations, attention to the effects of false testimony, penalties for false testimony, and the nature of the crime of false testimony. The differences include the legal approach versus the jurisprudential approach, occurrence only in court sessions versus occurrence in court sessions and before judicial officers, differences in the severity of penalties, civil and criminal liability, and how to deal with false testimony after a verdict is issued.

This article discusses effective strategies and methods for teaching English to young children. It is known that young children have the ability to acquire language naturally and quickly. Therefore, interesting, game-based, interactive approaches to teaching them are more effective than traditional methods. This topic analyzes methods for teaching English to children, such as games, picture and video materials, listening comprehension, and language acquisition through physical movements. It also provides recommendations on how to organize a lesson, taking into account the age characteristics, psychological state, and attention span of children. The main goal of this work is to show creative, effective, and easy-to-learn methods for teaching English to children.