In this article today, the focus is on the student, his personality and unique inner world. Therefore, the main goal of a modern teacher is to choose methods and forms of organizing students whose educational activities are optimally compatible with the goal of personality development. In recent years, the issue of using new information technologies in schools has been increasingly raised.

В статье рассматривается проблема формирования межкультурной компетенции учащихся в процессе изучения французского языка. Раскрываются теоретические основы понятия межкультурной компетенции, её структура и значение в современном образовании. Особое внимание уделяется возможностям французского языка как средства развития межкультурного понимания. Приведены практические методы и приёмы работы на уроках, направленные на развитие у школьников способности к эффективному взаимодействию с представителями других культур.

Public speaking anxiety, or glossophobia, is one of the most common fears experienced by individuals across all age groups and professions. Despite the universal nature of this fear, the ability to speak confidently in public remains essential for academic, professional, and personal development. This article explores the psychological roots of public speaking anxiety and offers a range of practical techniques to manage and overcome it. Through mental preparation, controlled breathing, progressive exposure, and cognitive restructuring, individuals can reduce fear and build lasting confidence. The article provides a structured approach to conquering anxiety and transforming public speaking into a skill that empowers rather than terrifies.

Ushbu maqolada surunkali stressning inson miyasi, xususan, gepokamp strukturasi va funksiyasiga ta’siri ko‘rib chiqilgan. Gepokamp — xotira, o‘rganish va emotsional regulyatsiyada muhim rol o‘ynovchi miya strukturasi bo‘lib, stressga sezgir zonalardan biridir. Maqolada avvalo gepokampning morfologiyasi va vazifalari, so‘ngra stress tushunchasi hamda organizmga ta’siri yoritilgan. Asosiy e’tibor surunkali stress holatlarida glukokortikoidlar va boshqa neyromediatorlarning gepokampga ko‘rsatadigan zararli ta’sirlariga qaratiladi. Surunkali stress natijasida neyrogenezning susayishi, nevronlar sonining kamayishi, sinaptik aloqalarning buzilishi va gepokamp atrofiyasi kabi o‘zgarishlar yuzaga keladi. Ushbu o‘zgarishlar kognitiv faoliyatning pasayishi, xotira buzilishlari, depressiya va tashvish holatlari bilan bog‘liq bo‘ladi. Shuningdek, maqolada stress oqibatlarini kamaytirish va gepokamp funksiyalarini tiklash bo‘yicha farmakologik. Tadqiqotlar natijasida kelgusida ushbu sohada chuqurroq izlanishlar olib borish zaruriyati asoslab berilgan.

Maqolada ijtimoiy shartnoma tushunchasining nazariy asoslari, uning tarixiy shakllanishi va zamonaviy davlat boshqaruvidagi o`rni yoritilgan. O`zbekiston Respublikasida ijtimiy shartnoma tamoyillarini hayotga tadbiq etish yo`llari, mavjud islohatlar, normativ-huquqiy asoslar va fuqorolik jamiyatiga rivojlanishiga ta`siri tahlil qilingan.