Information security and cybersecurity are related but distinct concepts in protecting data. Information security focuses broadly on safeguarding information in any form (digital, physical, or intellectual) by ensuring its confidentiality, integrity, and availability. Cybersecurity specifically concerns the protection of computer systems, networks, and online data from cyber threats. This paper compares these fields in detail, providing definitions, key differences, and practical examples. Diagrams and tables illustrate how each discipline is applied in real-world scenarios. Understanding the difference helps organizations allocate resources appropriately and build effective security strategies.

Bu maqolada hozirgi kunda hamma foydalanayotgan internet tarmog’idagi foydali hamda zarali bo’lgan ma’lumotlar, ularning hayotimizga ayniqsa, sog’lig’imizga qanchalik zarar yetkazishi haqida yoritib beriladi.

This research’s aim is to investigate the challenges and effective methods for teaching research skills in higher education of Afghanistan. It focuses on two main questions: (1) What factors stop students from learning research skills with current teaching methods? (2) What practices, resources, and tools best improve research skills? A mixed-methods approach was used, including surveys of 27 Master’s students, 16 faculty members, and interviews with 4 professors. The results indicated that teacher-centered methods hinder skill development. 53.5% of participants expressed dissatisfaction with those methods. On the other hand, 72.1% believe that interactive methods enhance research skills, although implementation of these methods is difficult. Limited resources and lack of support from institutions are main challenges. This study suggests to its readers that using the student-centered teaching, the usage of technology, and institutional support are essential for improving research education in Afghanistan. This research provides practical recommendations for policymakers and educators. It emphasizes practical learning and faculty development in order to promote critical thinking and research.

This article highlights the possibilities of using training in preparing future teachers to organize educational activities based on improving teaching practice, and also explains the place and role of training organized in preparation for teaching practice.

Низомиддин Мир Алишер Навоийни кўпинча шоир ва мутафаккир, давлат ва жамоат арбоби сифатида биламиз ва қадрлаймиз. Ҳолбуки, бу беназир шахснинг тафаккур қамрови жуда кенг ҳамда истеъдоди жуда серқирра бўлиб, илм-фаннинг тури соҳаларида ўзига хос қарашлар ва илмий асарлар соҳиби ҳам ҳисобланади.