Ushbu maqolada nevrologik kasalliklarning turlari, sabablari va ularning inson salomatligiga ta’siri yoritilgan. Xususan, migren kasalligi, uning asosiy belgilari, kelib chiqish omillari va xavf guruhlari haqida ma’lumot beriladi. Migrenning oldini olish choralari sifatida sog‘lom turmush tarzi, stressdan qochish va to‘g‘ri ovqatlanish tavsiya etiladi. Shuningdek, kasallikni davolash usullari – dorivor terapiya, fizioterapiya va muqobil tibbiyot yo‘nalishlari ko‘rib chiqiladi. Ushbu maqola migren bilan bog‘liq muammolarni tushunish va ularni samarali boshqarishga yordam beradi.

The article discusses the history and development of the management field. The importance of studying and analyzing the management field, especially the organizational-economic, social, cultural-educational significance of management in the field of management, has been studied and methodologically studied.

The determination of metal ions such as Cu²⁺ and Zn²⁺ in various samples is crucial for environmental monitoring, industrial quality control, and biomedical applications. This study explores the quantitative analysis of Cu²⁺ and Zn²⁺ ions using UV/Vis spectrophotometry, a rapid and reliable technique based on the absorption of light by metal-ligand complexes. Optimal conditions for the detection, including wavelength selection, reagent concentration, and pH, were investigated to enhance sensitivity and accuracy. Calibration curves were constructed to determine the linearity and detection limits for each ion. The method was applied to real samples, and results were validated against standard techniques. The findings demonstrate that UV/Vis spectrophotometry provides a cost-effective and efficient approach for Cu²⁺ and Zn²⁺ determination in various matrices.

Ushbu maqolada gonokokklarning patogenlik xususiyatlari, fermentlari va toksinlari haqida so‘z boradi. Gonokokk infektsiyasi bakterial antroponotik kasallik bo‘lib, asosan jinsiy aloqa orqali yuqadi va siydik va reproduktiv tizimlarga ta’sir qiladi. Gonoreya juda yuqumli va har qanday jinsiy aloqa orqali yuqishi mumkin. Ammo, tarqalishiga qaramay (trichomoniasis va xlamidiyadan keyin uchinchi eng keng tarqalgan STI), kasallik davolanadi va juda kamdan-kam hollarda o'limga olib keladi. Gonokokklar odamda siydik-tanosil yoʻllari (soʻzaklar) va koʻz (blennoreyatsya) shilliq qavatining yiringli kasalliklarini qoʻzgʻatadi. Maqolaning mohiyatida gonokokklarning oldini olish va davolash chora tadbirlari to‘g‘risida fikr mulohaza yurutiladi.

Hozirgi vaqtda avtomobil transporti inson hayoti uchun katta qulaylik yaratish bilan birga, atrof-muhitga ham sezilarli darajada zarar yetkazmoqda. Avtomobillarning ko‘payishi, yo‘llarning kengayishi va transport harakatining ortishi ekologik muammolarning keskinlashuviga sabab bo‘lmoqda. Ushbu maqolada avtomobil yo‘llari bilan bog‘liq asosiy ekologik muammolar va ularni hal etish bo‘yicha chora-tadbirlar tahlil qilinadi.