Diabetik nefropatiya (DN) —Qandli diabet kasalligiga xos bo‘lgan og‘ir asoratlardan biri bo‘lib, so’ngi bosqichdagi buyrak yetishmovchiligi (SBBY)ning asosiy sababidir. Garchi mikro- va makroalbuminuriya DNni aniqlashda "oltin standart" bo‘lib kelgan bo‘lsa-da, yangi ma’lumotlarga ko‘ra, buyrak shikastlanishi siydikdagi albumin miqdori ortishidan ancha oldin boshlanadi. An’anaviy ravishda DNning oldini olish bo‘yicha klinik tavsiyalar qonda glyukoza miqdori, qon bosimi va lipid darajasini nazorat qilishga qaratilgan. Surunkali buyrak yetishmovchiligi (SBY)dagi dislipidemiya, asosan, triglitseridlarning ko‘payishi, yuqori zichlikdagi lipoprotein (YZLP) kamayishi va past zichlikdagi lipoprotein (PZLP) o‘zgaruvchan darajalari bilan tavsiflanadi. Bundan tashqari, juda past zichlikdagi lipoproteinlar (JPZLP) almashinuvi buzilgan bo‘ladi. SBY rivojlanishi va uning davosi lipid almashinuviga ham ta’sir ko‘rsatadi va dislipidemiya holatini yanada og‘irlashtiradi. Ushbu patofiziologik mexanizmlarni chuqur tushunish — DN va SBYga chalingan bemorlar uchun lipidlar miqdorini optimal boshqarish va natijalarni yaxshilashda muhim ahamiyatga ega.

So'nggi yillarda Xitoy akademik doiralari xitoylik xususiyatlarga ega bo'lgan mustaqil bilim tizimini qurishni faol ravishda qo'llab-quvvatladilar va biz boshchiligidagi Xitoy va Xitoy klassik tadqiqotlarini qurishdi va shu bilan jahon insonparvarlik tadqiqotlarining taraqqiyotini rag'batlantirdi. Dunyo sinologiyasidan dunyo xitoyligiga qadar, xitoylik tadqiqotlardan Xitoy klassik tadqiqotlariga qadar, bu nafaqat Xitoy gumanitar fanlarining etukligi va rivojlanishini belgilaydi, balki mustaqil innovatsiyalarning doimiy ravishda yaxshilanishini ko'rsatadi. Ayniqsa, so'nggi paytlarda ilmiy doiralarda "mashhur bo'lmagan bilimlarni" qutqarish va yoshartirish nafaqat dunyodagi sinologiya an'analarining merosi va rivojlanishi, balki dunyodagi xitoylik tadqiqotlarni qurishning muhim chorasi ekanligini ta'kidlash lozim.

Bul maqalada Qaraqalpaq jazıwshısı K.Karimovtıń “Aǵabiy” romanında Antonim ham sinonim sózlerdiń qollanılıw ózgeshelikleri berilgen. Jazıwshınıń romanda antonim ham sinonim sózlerdi qollanıw stili, ózgeshelikleri mısallar tiykarında talqılanǵan.

The automatization of the heart is its fundamental ability to independently generate electrical impulses that initiate heart contractions, without external stimulation from the nervous system. This review is devoted to a comprehensive review of this phenomenon. The main driver of the rhythm is normally the sinoatrial (CA) node, whose cells have unique electrophysiological properties, in particular, the ability to slow spontaneous diastolic depolarization (phase 4 of the action potential). This process is based on the complex dynamics of ion currents, including the "funny" current (If), calcium currents (ICa,T, ICa,L) and potassium currents (IK). The review examines in detail the ionic mechanisms of pacemaker activity, the hierarchy of pacemakers (CA node, atrioventricular node, Gis-Purkinje system) and the phenomenon of suppression of the underlying centers of automatism (overdrive suppression). The mechanisms of regulation of heart rate by the autonomic nervous system (sympathetic and parasympathetic), humoral factors (adrenaline, thyroid hormones) and other influences (temperature, ion balance, hypoxia) are highlighted. The clinical significance of automation is discussed, including pathological conditions such as CA node dysfunction (sinus node weakness syndrome), ectopic foci of automatism, atrial and ventricular arrhythmias associated with abnormal automation, as well as approaches to their diagnosis (ECG) and treatment (antiarrhythmic drugs, artificial pacemakers). In conclusion, modern research directions in this field are considered, including the study of the genetic basis of automatism disorders and the development of biological rhythm drivers.

Mazkur maqolada sport menejmenti sohasida gender tengligi masalalari tahlil qilinadi. Unda ayollarning sport boshqaruvidagi ishtiroki, mavjud to‘siqlar, ilg‘or tajribalar va gender tengligini ta’minlash bo‘yicha takliflar keltirilgan. Maqola sport tizimidagi adolatli va inklyuziv boshqaruvga erishish yo‘llarini ko‘rsatishga qaratilgan.