Teaching methods have changed significantly over the past few decades as new technologies and learning theories have emerged. Traditional lecture-based learning is being complemented or replaced by more innovative student-centered approaches. This article explores contemporary teaching methods that encourage active, collaborative, experiential, and problem-based learning. Approaches such as the flipped classroom, project/problem-based learning, design thinking workshops, and virtual/augmented reality simulations are analyzed for their effectiveness in engaging students and improving higher order learning outcomes. Evidence from the literature shows that while traditional lectures have their place, hybrid and blended models that combine a variety of active learning strategies lead to superior learning outcomes, development of critical thinking, and retention of key concepts. Innovative teaching methods, if implemented correctly to meet the needs of different learners and subjects, promise to transform education.

This study analyzes the political and economic functions of the medieval khanates in Central Asia and their contribution to the development of transcontinental trade networks known as the Silk Road. With stable governance and security provided by militarized khanates such as the Khwarezmians, Karakhanids and the Mongol Empire, land routes flourished connecting China, India, Persia and the Mediterranean world. Merchants used this stability to expand trade in luxury goods and necessities, including silk, spices, glassware, paper, and more. The khanates grew wealthy by serving as hubs where goods from different empires were stored, sorted, and redistributed along routes. Through taxes and transit fees, the Central Asian powers financed further infrastructure and diplomatic efforts to maintain open corridors, thereby institutionalizing the Silk Road system throughout Eurasia for centuries.

This article is devoted to the development and application of methods for developing speech in preschool children. Language development is an important aspect of a child's development, affecting their communication skills, cognitive abilities and social interactions. The work examines various approaches and methods used to stimulate speech development in preschool age. Particular attention is paid to play methods, speech exercises, reading with children and techniques for developing phonetics, vocabulary and grammar. The work also analyzes the problems associated with delays in speech development and offers recommendations for overcoming them. This work will help teachers, parents and specialists in the field of children's pedagogy and speech development better understand the principles and methods of speech development in preschoolers and effectively apply them in practice.

Sealants are high-strength materials made of plastic or polymer materials whose main purpose is to hold various parts or seams together and remove water, air, light, and dust. These materials are widely used in construction, automotive, electronic industry, and medical industry.

This article provides detailed information about what a legal article is, the reasons for writing a legal article, the purpose of its writing, its difference from other articles, and the rules of how to write it.