Higher nervous activity (HNA) and memory are central components of human cognitive functioning, forming the foundation for perception, learning, problem-solving, and behavior regulation. This article explores the physiological and psychological mechanisms of HNA, including cortical-subcortical interactions, synaptic plasticity, conditioned reflexes, and types of inhibitory control. Memory is examined in relation to neural processing, consolidation, storage, and retrieval, emphasizing the role of the hippocampus, amygdala, limbic system, and cerebral cortex. Special attention is given to classical and operant conditioning, associative learning, and long-term potentiation (LTP) as biological mechanisms of memory formation. The article summarizes recent findings in neurobiology, cognitive science, and psychophysiology, highlighting their role in education, mental health, and behavioral training.

Ushbu maqolada O‘zbekiston Respublikasining Konstitutsiyasi jamiyat va davlat hayotida tutgan o‘rni, inson huquq va erkinliklarini ta’minlashdagi roli, farovon jamiyat barpo etishdagi ahamiyati hamda islohotlarni huquqiy jihatdan mustahkamlashdagi vazifalari tahlil qilinadi. Shuningdek, yangi tahrirdagi Konstitutsiyaning demokratik tamoyillarni mustahkamlashga, kuchli fuqarolik jamiyatini shakllantirishga hamda inson qadri ulug‘lanadigan tuzum barpo etishga qo‘shayotgan hissasi ilmiy-nazariy asosda sharhlanadi.

Baxshichilik san’atida Janubiy Oʻzbekiston dostonchilik maktablari oʻziga xos oʻringa ega boʻlib, uning badihagoʻyligi, aytish usulining shoʻxligi va repertuaridagi dostonlarning boshqa dostonchilik maktablarida uchramasligi kabi diqqatga sazovor jihatlari bor. Mazkur maqolada Chiroqchi dostonchilik maktabi repertuari, maktab vakillarining ijodiy an’analari va Shomurod shoirning badiiy mahorati haqida soʻz boradi.

This article analyzes the processes of formation and development of political parties in Iran during the reign of the Pahlavi dynasty (1925–1979), as well as their relationship with the state system. The study examines political freedoms, the role of opposition and governmental parties during the eras of Reza Shah and Mohammad Reza Shah, and the socio-political preconditions that led to the Islamic Revolution of 1979.

This article discusses the principles of Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) in the C++ programming language and their practical application. OOP is one of the important areas of programming technologies, which allows organizing the program structure in a modular form, reusing code, and simplifying complex software systems. The article discusses the four main principles of OOP - encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism, and abstraction - with theoretical and practical examples. It also discusses methods for modeling real-life processes using classes and objects in the C++ language.