The history of the development of the science of translation studies, its main stages and important events, and the formation of the theory and practice of translation studies covering the period from ancient times to the present day, its connection with other disciplines, as well as the social and cultural role of translators are analyzed in this article. . The development of translation theories, translation methods and technologies, as well as translation problems and their solutions are discussed.

This article develops scientifically based proposals and practical recommendations on the formation of a new open innovation model in industrial production to ensure the macroeconomic stability of our country, increasing the possibilities of using innovative factors by creating an institutional environment for innovative development of Regions.

In this article, liver tumors, or liver cancer, refer to tumors that arise in the liver tissue. These tumors can be classified as primary liver tumors or metastatic tumors that have spread to the liver from other organs. It provides important information about the pathomorphological characteristics of liver tumors, as well as their developmental stages and cellular structure. Liver cancer is one of the global health problems, and its high mortality rate and difficulties in early detection increase the relevance of this study. The main problems associated with liver tumors include their early detection, the effectiveness of treatment methods, and the difficulties in monitoring tumors in patients. Since many patients have tumors that develop without symptoms in the early stages of liver cancer, it is very difficult to detect it early. According to statistics, approximately 900,000 people die from liver cancer every year. These tumors are often associated with viral hepatitis and alcohol-related diseases, and studies in China also show a high prevalence of liver cancer.

This article discusses the ideas of enlightenment put forward in the work of Abdurauf Fitrat, one of the great enlighteners and famous representatives of the Jadid movement, “Munozara” (a debate between a Farangi and a Bukhara teacher about Jadid schools in India), the difference between the “usuli Qadim” and “usuli Jadid” schools, the advantages of the new Jadid school, the political and economic landscape of the Bukhara emirate, the social lifestyle of the population, and the educational and upbringing situation. After all, the essence of the work of these great writers served to elevate society and the nation. Along with such selfless writers as Abdulla Avloni, Mahbudkhoj Behbudiy, Abdulla Qodiriy, Abdulhamid Cholpon, and Osman Nasir, perhaps in their forefront, Abdurauf Fitrat also became the eye of the mind and heart of his people

This article provides information about the causes of Parkinson's disease, one of the diseases that many people suffer from today, and who is most likely to suffer from this disease, its negative consequences, as well as what measures can be used in treatment and how it can be treated naturally.