Mazkur maqolada kirish va kiritmalarning badiiy uslubda poetik individuallikni hosil qilish, subyektiv modallikni ifodalash, emotsional-ekspressivlikni oshirish maqsadida qo‘llanilishi nasriy, she’riy va dramatik asarlardan olingan misollar asosida yoritib berilgan. Badiiy uslubga xoslangan kirish so‘z va kirish bo‘laklar, ularning badiiy matndagi o‘rni, kiritmalarning o‘ziga xos qo‘llanilishi izohlangan.

Mazkur maqolada XVI-XIX asrlarda Buxoro va Afg‘oniston o‘rtasidagi diplomatik munosabatlarning shakllanishi, rivojlanishi va o‘ziga xos jihatlari tahlil etilgan. Elchilik missiyalari, savdo aloqalari, chegara mojarolari, diniy va madaniy yaqinlik asosidagi aloqalar tarixiy manbalar asosida yoritilgan. Shuningdek, “Buyuk o‘yin” davrida yirik imperiyalar bosimi ostida bu munosabatlarning murakkablashgani ham ko‘rsatilgan. Mahalliy amaldorlar va diniy ulamolar vositasidagi noformal diplomatiyaning roli alohida e’tirof etilgan.

Настоящая статья посвящена изучению фундаментального физического понятия энергии и одного из важнейших законов природы — закона сохранения энергии. Рассматриваются различные формы энергии, их преобразования и примеры применения закона в природе и технике. Также обсуждаются современные научные направления, связанные с энергией, и значение этого закона в контексте устойчивого развития и технологического прогресса.

This article explores the narrative strategies employed by Elizabeth Jane Howard in her five-part family saga, The Cazalet Chronicles. It examines how Howard’s use of shifting perspectives, temporal layering, and detailed domestic realism contributes to the emotional depth and literary significance of the series. Focusing on characters such as Louise, Polly, and Clary, the paper discusses how personal growth, memory, and silence shape the narrative form. Howard’s contribution to the genre of historical fiction is highlighted through her subtle blend of private life with broader cultural and social shifts in mid-20th-century Britain. The article underscores Howard’s mastery of storytelling, which elevates her work beyond traditional family fiction into the realm of enduring literary art.

Ushbu maqolada atoqli adib va tarjimon Muhammad Rizo Erniyozbek o‘g‘li Ogahiyning tarjimonlik mahorati taniqli adabiyotshunos olim Najmiddin Komilov tadqiqotlari asosida tahlil qilinadi.Ogahiyning Sharq mumtoz adabiyoti va tarixiy asarlarni tarjima qilishdagi uslubiy yondashuvi,tarjimada syujet,obraz va poetik tafakkurni asliga sodiq holda yetkazishdagi mahorati tahlil etiladi.Maqola davomida Komilovning ilmiy izlanishlari orqali Ogahiy tarjimonlik faoliyatining dolzarb jihatlari yoritiladi.