Mazkur maqolada o‘zbek jadidchilik harakatining yorqin vakili Hamza Hakimzoda Niyoziyning ilmiy o‘rganilish jarayoni bosqichma-bosqich tahlil etiladi. Adibning adabiy, tilshunoslik, dramaturgiya va pedagogik faoliyati yuzasidan shakllangan ilmiy ma’lumotlarning dastlabki mafkuraviy yondashuvlardan boshlab, mustaqillikdan keyingi erkin va tanqidiy ilmiy tadqiqotlar yo‘nalishlarigacha bo‘lgan rivojlanish holati yoritib berilgan. Maqolada Hamza merosining raqamli muhitda aks etishi, zamonaviy tadqiqotlar va elektron resurslar orqali keng ommaga taqdim etilishi masalalariga ham alohida e’tibor qaratilgan. Shuningdek, maqola Hamza ijodining o‘rganilishi borasidagi ilmiy maktab shakllanishi va istiqboldagi tadqiqot yo‘nalishlari uchun asos bo‘la oladi.

Menopause is a critical transitional phase in a woman’s life characterized by the cessation of ovarian function and the end of menstruation. It is often accompanied by a range of physical, emotional, and metabolic symptoms that vary in intensity and duration. Recent research indicates that vitamin D plays a significant role not only in bone metabolism but also in the modulation of menopausal symptoms. The aim of this study was to investigate the features of the menopausal course in women diagnosed with vitamin D deficiency and determine how hypovitaminosis D influences the severity of menopausal manifestations. The study revealed a notable correlation between low serum levels of vitamin D and the severity of vasomotor symptoms, mood disorders, sleep disturbances, and musculoskeletal pain. This research underlines the importance of monitoring and correcting vitamin D levels in peri- and postmenopausal women to reduce symptom burden and improve overall quality of life. The menopausal period represents a pivotal phase in the physiological aging process of women, characterized by profound hormonal, psychological, and metabolic transitions. Beyond the well-documented decline in estrogen levels, micronutrient imbalances—particularly vitamin D deficiency—have emerged as critical modifiers of menopausal health outcomes. This study explores the intricate interplay between hypovitaminosis D and the clinical progression of menopause, focusing on symptom intensity, systemic complications, and quality of life implications. The investigation, conducted on a representative cohort of postmenopausal women, revealed a significant amplification of menopausal discomfort in individuals with deficient serum vitamin D levels. Notably, manifestations such as thermal dysregulation, cognitive disturbances, emotional instability, and skeletal complaints were disproportionately prevalent in this subgroup. These findings suggest a potential therapeutic target in vitamin D optimization to mitigate the climacteric burden and promote healthier aging trajectories among menopausal populations.

This article analyzes the artistic and philosophical interpretation of nature in Norkobil Norkobilov’s novella “The Dog of the Thicket.” The natural imagery—thicket, cold, and darkness—is used to reflect the protagonist’s alienation from society, inner suffering, and existential loneliness. The dog represents a marginalized individual whose silent resistance and emotional depth unfold through symbolic landscape descriptions. Nature in the story acts not as a backdrop but as a psychological and symbolic layer of meaning.

This article explores the poetic interpretation of the bakhshi-style in the works of Usmon A’zim, one of the prominent figures in Uzbek poetry. The research focuses on the influence of oral folk traditions, particularly the lyrical and musical elements of the bakhshi art form. Key poetic devices such as repetition, oral constructions, musicality, and emotional expression are analyzed in the context of the poet’s work.

Qon organizmning eng muhim to’qimalaridan biridir. Qon, limfa va to’qimalar aro suyuqligi organizmning ichki muhitini tashkil qiladi. Organizmning barcha to’qima va hujayralari fizik-kimyoviy xossalari va tarkibi nisbatan doimiy bo’ladigan ana shu suyuqliklarning muhitidagina normal yashay oladi. Issiq qonli (gomoyoterm) hayvonlar qoni uzoq davom etgan evolyutsiya mahsulidir. Oddiy bir hujayrali hayvonlarda qon yo’q. Ular hayoti uchun zarur moddalarni hujayra po’sti orqali oladi, chiqindi keraksiz moddalarni ham ana shu yo’l orqali chiqarib tashlaydi. Zoologik silsilaning pastki bosqichlarida turadigan hayvonlarning tomirlari ichida suvsimon suyuqlik-gidrolimfa oqadi. Uning tarkibida oqsillar va boshqa azotli moddalar kam bo’ladi. Bir muncha yuqoriroq taraqqiy etgan hayvonlarda gemolimfa paydo bo’ladi.