Mazkur maqolada O‘zbekistonda soliq qarzdorligini hisoblash tizimining hozirgi holati tahlil qilinib, uni takomillashtirish zarurati asoslab berilgan. Soliq qarzining davlat byudjetiga ta’siri, qarzdorlikni keltirib chiqaruvchi omillar va ularni bartaraf etish yo‘llari ko‘rib chiqilgan. Raqamlashtirish asosidagi yangi hisob-kitob tizimlari, sun’iy intellektdan foydalanish imkoniyatlari hamda nazoratning samarali mexanizmlari haqida takliflar bildirilgan.

Chronic hepatitis B and C infections remain among the most pressing global public health challenges due to their widespread prevalence, silent progression, and potential to cause irreversible liver damage. The hepatotropic nature of HBV and HCV leads to persistent inflammation, immune-mediated injury, and significant morphological alterations at the hepatocyte level, ultimately resulting in fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. This study aims to comprehensively evaluate and characterize the cellular and subcellular morphological changes in hepatocytes in patients with chronic viral hepatitis B and C. Emphasis is placed on cytoplasmic vacuolization, nuclear polymorphism, ballooning degeneration, apoptotic and necrotic changes, Mallory-Denk bodies, and mitochondrial dysfunction. By integrating histopathological findings with current virological and immunological data, the study highlights the mechanisms by which chronic infection alters liver architecture and function. The analysis also underscores the role of liver biopsy and advanced imaging techniques in detecting these morphological patterns and supports the development of targeted therapeutic strategies. These insights are critical for improving early diagnosis, patient stratification, and long-term clinical outcomes in individuals affected by chronic viral hepatitis.

Макалада баслаўыш класс оқыўшыларының руўхый интеллектуал өзгешеликлерин анықлаўда баслаўыш класс оқытыўшысы ўазыйпары, руўхый интеллектуал өзгешеликлерин қәлиплестириўдиң нәтийжели усыллары сөз етиледи.

Ushbu maqolada legal tech texnologiyalarining yuridik xizmatlar sohasidagi ekologik jihatlarini yaxshilash masalalari ko‘rib chiqilgan. Zamonaviy axborot texnologiyalari va raqamli yechimlarning huquqiy xizmatlar ko‘rsatishda atrofmuhitga ta’sirini kamaytirish imkoniyatlari tahlil qilingan. Maqolada ekologik yuridik xizmatlarni rivojlantirish yo‘nalishlari, qog‘ozsiz texnologiyalar, masofaviy xizmatlar va "yashil" huquqiy amaliyot tamoyillari yoritilgan.

This article reveals the importance of didactic games and exercises in the development of oral speech in primary school students. The author analyzes the psychological and pedagogical foundations of speech development in young children and substantiates the positive influence of game forms of learning on the expansion of vocabulary, the strengthening of grammatical structure, and the formation of communicative competence. The article presents effective types of games and exercises aimed at developing oral speech, as well as methodological recommendations for teachers.