In this article, the situation that arose as a result of the creation of an independent state as a result of the aggravation of the political situation in Movarunnahr and Khorasan in the 9th-10th centuries AD, as well as the weakening of the Arab caliphate is studied. The article provides information about the Somani state - its establishment, rulers, state administration. At the same time, the foreign policy conducted by the Somonites is analyzed.

This article shows how to prove trigonometric functions using complex numbers and proving various trigonometric formulas.

The article analyzes the state of agricultural lands of the Republic of Uzbekistan and studies the reasons for their reduction. It analyzed the issues of targeted and effective use of agricultural irrigated land and the program of implemented measures to improve their reclamation state, presented relevant proposals for their further effective use.

The article describes the causes of pedagogical conflicts in general schools and ways to solve them. At the same time, methodical recommendations are given to pedagogic staff on the analysis of conflicts that will be useful in the teaching process and prevention of conflicts.

In this article, the concept of localization of production, the opinions of economists, the production of products based on localization in the regional economy, the benefits given by the government to manufacturers of products that replace imports, the role of product production through localization for society are considered.