Chronic hepatitis B and C infections remain among the most pressing global public health challenges due to their widespread prevalence, silent progression, and potential to cause irreversible liver damage. The hepatotropic nature of HBV and HCV leads to persistent inflammation, immune-mediated injury, and significant morphological alterations at the hepatocyte level, ultimately resulting in fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. This study aims to comprehensively evaluate and characterize the cellular and subcellular morphological changes in hepatocytes in patients with chronic viral hepatitis B and C. Emphasis is placed on cytoplasmic vacuolization, nuclear polymorphism, ballooning degeneration, apoptotic and necrotic changes, Mallory-Denk bodies, and mitochondrial dysfunction. By integrating histopathological findings with current virological and immunological data, the study highlights the mechanisms by which chronic infection alters liver architecture and function. The analysis also underscores the role of liver biopsy and advanced imaging techniques in detecting these morphological patterns and supports the development of targeted therapeutic strategies. These insights are critical for improving early diagnosis, patient stratification, and long-term clinical outcomes in individuals affected by chronic viral hepatitis.

Научная статья посвящена изучению распространенности сенсибилизации к пищевым продуктам и грибам, а также ее профилактике в условиях жаркого климата. На сегодняшний день грибы известны в разных странах мира как этиологический фактор аллергических заболеваний. У пациентов с аллергическими заболеваниями на основании детального сбора анамнеза и с помощью современных методов in vitro диагностики возможно выявление чувствительности к грибковым аллергенам. В условиях жаркого климата выявление антител иммуноглобулина Е к плесневым и дрожжевым грибам, таким как Aspergillus, Penicillium, Cladosporium, Alternaria и Rhizopus, возможно только с помощью персонализированного подхода к диагностике и терапии.

Ushbu ilmiy maqolada tijorat banklari faoliyatida moliyaviy barqarorlik va iqtisodiy samaradorlikni aniqlovchi muhim ko‘rsatkichlar – foyda miqdori hamda rentabellik darajasi chuqur tahlil qilinadi. Ayniqsa, “Asakabank” ATB misolida 2020–2024-yillar davomida bankning sof foydasi, umumiy aktivlari, o‘z kapitali hamda rentabellik indikatorlari (ROA – aktivlar rentabelligi va ROE – o‘z kapital rentabelligi) asosida kompleks tahlil amalga oshirilgan. Tahlil natijalari “Asakabank” faoliyatida foyda ko‘rsatkichlarining izchil o‘sayotganini, bu esa moliyaviy boshqaruv samaradorligining ortib borayotganini ko‘rsatmoqda. Maqolada bank rentabelligini oshirishga doir takomillashtirish yo‘nalishlari sifatida: kredit portfelining diversifikatsiyasi, raqamli bank xizmatlaridan foydalangan holda xizmat turlarini kengaytirish, operatsion xarajatlarni optimallashtirish hamda risklarni boshqarish tizimini mustahkamlash kabi amaliy choralar ilgari suriladi. Shuningdek, tijorat banklari moliyaviy tahlilining zamonaviy usullari va rentabellikni baholashda qo‘llaniladigan iqtisodiy indikatorlarning amaliy ahamiyati yoritiladi.

Ushbu maqolada Andijon viloyat tarix va madaniyat davlat muzeyi to’g’risida batafsil ahboron beriladi.

Maqolada o‘zbek adabiy tilining rivojlanishi bilan bog‘liq dolzarb muammolar va ularni hal etish yo‘llari tahlil qilinadi. Adabiy tilning hozirgi bosqichda duch kelayotgan asosiy muammolari — so‘z boyligining yetarli darajada boyitilmasligi, lahjalar ta’sirining kuchayishi, globalizatsiya sharoitida rus va ingliz tilidan kirib kelayotgan so‘zlarning nazoratsiz qo‘llanishi, shuningdek, zamonaviy kommunikatsiya vositalarida adabiy me’yorlarga rioya qilinmaslik holatlari muhokama qilinadi.