Ushbu maqolada barqaror turizmni rivojlantirish loyihalarida ijtimoiy va madaniy omillarning loyiha samaradorligiga ta’siri ilmiy-amaliy jihatdan keng tahlil qilinadi. Barqaror turizm bugungi kunda turizm sohasini rivojlantirishning eng muhim yo‘nalishlaridan biri bo‘lib, u faqat iqtisodiy daromad olish yoki sayyohlar oqimini ko‘paytirish bilan cheklanmaydi. Aksincha, barqaror turizm mahalliy aholining manfaatlarini himoya qilish, hududiy iqtisodiy faollikni oshirish, madaniy meros obyektlarini asrash, tarixiy obidalarni kelajak avlodlarga yetkazish, milliy urf-odat va qadriyatlarni saqlab qolish hamda turistik hududlarda ijtimoiy muvozanatni ta’minlash kabi vazifalarni ham o‘z ichiga oladi. Shu jihatdan turizm loyihalarining samaradorligini baholashda faqat moliyaviy natijalar, investitsiya hajmi, mehmonxona fondi yoki turistlar soni emas, balki ijtimoiy va madaniy ko‘rsatkichlar ham alohida ahamiyatga ega hisoblanadi. Maqolada barqaror turizm loyihalarining muvaffaqiyati infratuzilma, transport, marketing va investitsion imkoniyatlar bilan bir qatorda, mahalliy jamoaning faol ishtiroki, aholining loyiha natijalaridan manfaatdorligi, madaniy muhitga hurmat bilan yondashish, tarixiy-madaniy obyektlardan oqilona foydalanish, xizmat ko‘rsatish madaniyatini oshirish va turizm faoliyatining jamiyat hayotiga ijobiy ta’sir ko‘rsatishi bilan belgilanadi. Ayniqsa, O‘zbekiston kabi boy tarixiy va madaniy merosga ega mamlakatlarda barqaror turizmni rivojlantirish jarayonida mahalliy qadriyatlar, milliy an’analar, hunarmandchilik, ziyorat maskanlari, tarixiy shaharlar va nomoddiy madaniy meros obyektlarini saqlash dolzarb masala sifatida namoyon bo‘ladi.

This article examines lexical units that verbalize wedding rituals in Uzbek and German cultural contexts. The study focuses on the names of ritual objects, ceremonial actions, symbolic colours, verbal formulas and pre-wedding practices such as Verlobung, Verlobungsring, Polterabend, Gästebuch and Junggesellenabschied. The analysis demonstrates that wedding vocabulary is not a simple set of nominative units, but a complex linguocultural system in which collective memory, religious values, social roles and symbolic meanings are encoded. Uzbek wedding terminology reflects the importance of modesty, family blessing, communal participation and religious consent, whereas German wedding vocabulary more strongly emphasizes individual choice, public promise, legal recognition and ritualized symbolic acts. At the same time, both cultures share universal ideas of loyalty, purity, continuity and social recognition. The article also discusses borrowed and globalized ritual elements, such as the white wedding dress, the wedding cake and the throwing of the bouquet, showing how intercultural contact influences the semantic structure of wedding vocabulary.

Ushbu maqolada O‘zbekistonda ziyorat turizmini rivojlantirish loyihalarini samarali boshqarish, ularning tashkiliy-iqtisodiy asoslarini takomillashtirish hamda mavjud turistik salohiyatdan oqilona foydalanish masalalari ilmiy-amaliy jihatdan tahlil qilinadi. Ziyorat turizmi bugungi kunda nafaqat diniy va ma’naviy ehtiyojlarni qondirishga xizmat qiluvchi turizm turi, balki mamlakatning tarixiy-madaniy merosini xalqaro miqyosda targ‘ib etish, hududlar iqtisodiy faolligini oshirish, xizmat ko‘rsatish sohasini rivojlantirish, yangi ish o‘rinlarini yaratish hamda turizm eksporti hajmini kengaytirishda muhim strategik yo‘nalishlardan biri sifatida namoyon bo‘lmoqda. Ayniqsa, O‘zbekiston hududida islom sivilizatsiyasi, hadis ilmi, tasavvuf ta’limoti, fiqh va kalom maktablari rivojiga ulkan hissa qo‘shgan buyuk allomalar nomi bilan bog‘liq muqaddas qadamjolar va tarixiy obidalar mavjudligi mamlakatning xalqaro ziyorat turizmi bozoridagi raqobatbardoshligini oshirish uchun mustahkam asos yaratadi.

This article analyzes changes in the behavior of school-age children from a psychological perspective. In today's society, the emotional state of children, social environment, technological factors and changes in the family climate affect their behavior on a scientific basis. Based on research, the causes of such states as aggressiveness, inattention, apathy or excessive activity in behavior are identified and effective psychological approaches to these states are recommended.

This article discusses the influence of students' ideas about the family on the strength of the family and its psychological significance.