This article discusses the ethnic history of the Uz tribe, which played an important role in the formation of the Uzbek people, based on historical and ethnographic data. It provides information about the regions where this tribe lived, its relations with other clans and tribes, its occupations, political history, and economy.

В статье рассматриваются возможности интеграции искусственного интеллекта (ИИ) и литературных методик в процесс преподавания русского языка как иностранного (РКИ). Сделаны выводы о потенциале синтеза ИИ и литературы в РКИ и даны рекомендации преподавателям.

Bul maqalada Berdaq baqsi mektebinen shiqqan baqsilardiń atqariwindaǵi qosiq namalar haqqında sóz etilgen.

This article comprehensively examines the critical role of communicative competence in shaping the professional identity of future English language teachers. It underscores the necessity of integrating intercultural communication skills with linguistic proficiency to prepare teachers for increasingly multicultural classrooms. Through a mixed-methods research design involving surveys, interviews, and classroom observations, this study identifies prevailing challenges faced by trainee teachers in acquiring effective communication culture. Furthermore, it proposes innovative pedagogical strategies that emphasize experiential learning, cultural sensitivity, and learner autonomy. The findings contribute to curriculum development discussions and highlight the need for systemic changes in teacher education programs.

Maktab o‘quvchilarning chaqqonligini rivojlantirish uchun to‘p bilan maxsus mashqlarni ishlab chiqish va qo‘llash. O‘rta maktabyoshidagi voleybolchilarning ishlash ko‘rsatkichlari tadqiqotda aniqlash. Yosh sportchilarda chaqqonlikni rivojlantirish uchun murabbiylar o‘quv mashg‘ulotlari, o‘rtoqlik uchrashuvlari va shahar musobaqalaridan olingan ma’lumotlar asosida maxsus usullarni yaratadilar va ishlab chiqildi.