Ushbu maqolada Amir Haydarning siyosiy faoliyati, davlat boshqaruvidagi islohotlari hamda Buxoro amirligi taraqqiyotidagi o‘rni tahlil qilinadi. Shuningdek, uning hukmronlik davridagi ichki va tashqi siyosat, madaniy-ma’rifiy jarayonlar hamda markaziy hokimiyatni mustahkamlash yo‘lidagi sa’y-harakatlari yoritiladi. Maqolada tarixiy manbalar asosida Amir Haydarning davlat arbobi sifatidagi faoliyatiga baho berilgan.

Nephrolithiasis affecting patients with stones up to 2 centimeters in diameter represents one of the most prevalent urological conditions encountered in clinical practice. The management of renal calculi of this size range sits at a critical therapeutic crossroads, where multiple minimally invasive and endoscopic surgical options are available, yet no universally accepted consensus exists regarding the optimal treatment algorithm. Shock wave lithotripsy (SWL), ureteroscopy with laser lithotripsy (URS), and miniaturized percutaneous nephrolithotomy (mini-PCNL) each offer distinct advantages and limitations depending on stone characteristics, patient anatomy, and institutional resources.

Mazkur maqolada ko‘rishida nuqsoni bo‘lgan bolalar bilimi, malaka va ko‘nikmalarini tekshirishda kompensator imkoniyatlardan foydalanishning nazariy va amaliy asoslari yoritilgan. Maqolada kompensatsiya tushunchasining mazmuni, uning maxsus pedagogika va tiflopedagogikadagi ahamiyati hamda ko‘rish analizatori faoliyati buzilganda boshqa sezgi tizimlarining faollashuvi ilmiy jihatdan tahlil qilingan. L.S. Vigotskiy, A.N. Leontyev, B.G. Ananyev, A.G. Litvak, M.I. Zemtsova, L.I. Solntseva kabi olimlarning ilmiy qarashlari asosida kompensator mexanizmlarning psixologik-pedagogik mohiyati ochib berilgan.

This article examines lexical units that verbalize wedding rituals in Uzbek and German cultural contexts. The study focuses on the names of ritual objects, ceremonial actions, symbolic colours, verbal formulas and pre-wedding practices such as Verlobung, Verlobungsring, Polterabend, Gästebuch and Junggesellenabschied. The analysis demonstrates that wedding vocabulary is not a simple set of nominative units, but a complex linguocultural system in which collective memory, religious values, social roles and symbolic meanings are encoded. Uzbek wedding terminology reflects the importance of modesty, family blessing, communal participation and religious consent, whereas German wedding vocabulary more strongly emphasizes individual choice, public promise, legal recognition and ritualized symbolic acts. At the same time, both cultures share universal ideas of loyalty, purity, continuity and social recognition. The article also discusses borrowed and globalized ritual elements, such as the white wedding dress, the wedding cake and the throwing of the bouquet, showing how intercultural contact influences the semantic structure of wedding vocabulary.

Mazkur maqolada o‘rta masofaga yuguruvchilarning yillik tayyorgarlik davridagi mashg‘ulot yuklamalarining tuzilishi, ularni rejalashtirish va sport natijalarini oshirishdagi ahamiyati tahlil qilinadi. O‘rta masofaga yugurish sportchilardan yuqori darajadagi tezlik, chidamlilik va funksional tayyorgarlikni talab qiladi. Shu sababli mashg‘ulot jarayonlarini ilmiy asosda tashkil etish sportchilarning jismoniy va funksional imkoniyatlarini samarali rivojlantirishda muhim omil hisoblanadi. Maqolada tayyorgarlik davrining bosqichlari, yuklamalarning hajmi va intensivligi hamda ularni taqsimlash usullari yoritilgan.