In this scientific article, a comparative analysis of the concepts of ethnicity and nation is carried out. First, the historical, cultural and political aspects of the concepts of ethnicity and nation are deeply studied in the article. the differences and similarities between these are analyzed, the social importance, role in society, and specific characteristics of each are highlighted.

This article is devoted to studying the role of new signs in the sign language system and their communicative effectiveness. Sign language is of vital importance for people with hearing impairments and is the main tool for ensuring effective communication with them. The article considers the inclusion of new signs in the language system, their importance in expanding the lexical wealth of the language and increasing communicative capabilities.

This article presents scientific opinions on the opportunities created for our mother tongue, the reforms being implemented regarding our mother tongue. Scientific opinions are concluded based on facts.

In the article, the importance of the use of folk pedagogy in the education of children, as well as the educational importance of folk poetry from a scientific point of view.

Let's understand motive and motivation. Scholars' views on motivation. Theories of motivation.