“Maqoms are a musical genre that has existed in the peoples of the East since ancient times. They were created by professional musicians and singers on the basis of the unique musical wealth of these peoples and emerged as an independent musical genre in the process of long cultural and historical development.”

Mazkur maqolada Amir Temur va uning avlodlari – Shohrux Mirzo hamda Sulton Abusaid Mirzoning G‘arbiy hududlarga, xususan Ozarbayjon, Eron va Iroq tomonlaridagi yurishlari tarixiy manbalar asosida yoritilgan. Harbiy yurishlarning asosiy sabablari, yurish jarayonidagi siyosiy voqealar, hududlar o‘zgarishi, hukmdorlar o‘rtasidagi kurashlar va ularning natijalari tahlil qilingan. Temuriylarning Ozarbayjon ustidan olib borgan siyosati va harbiy strategiyasi tarixiy bosqichlar asosida bayon etilgan.

O’quvchilarda kasbiy ongni shakllantirish, mehnat bozorining talablariga mos kadrlar tayyorlash va ijtimoiy-iqtisodiy barqarorikni ta’minlashda kasb-hunarga yo’naltirishning ahamiyati yoritilib beriladi. Bu maqola o’quvchilar bilan kasb-hunarga yo’naltirishning yangi shakllari, usullari va vositalarini samarali tashkil etish yo’llari haqida ma’lumot beradi. O’quvchilarni kasb-hunarga yo’naltirishdan maqsad o’sib kelayotgan yosh avlodni ongli ravishda kasb tanlashga tayyorlash orqali ularning kelajakdagi muvaffaqiyatli faoliyati va jamiyatda barqaror taraqqiyotga erishishlariga ko’maklashishdir.

The teaching of phraseological units in English, including idioms, collocations, and fixed expressions, presents unique challenges for language learners. Traditional methods often emphasize rote memorization, which may not effectively facilitate understanding or retention. This article explores the implementation of a learner-centered approach (LCA) in teaching English phraseological units, highlighting strategies that promote active engagement, contextual learning, and personalization. By examining theoretical frameworks and practical applications, this study aims to demonstrate the effectiveness of LCA in enhancing learners' comprehension and use of phraseological units.

Ushbu maqolada O‘zbekistondagi mahalliy ishlab chiqaruvchilarning xalqaro bozorga chiqish jarayonida duch kelayotgan asosiy muammolari — resurs yetishmovchiligi, raqobatbardoshlik darajasining pastligi, eksport salohiyatining cheklangani — chuqur tahlil qilinadi. Shu muammolar yechimi sifatida maqolada OEM (Original Equipment Manufacturer) strategiyasi ilgari suriladi va uning amaliy imkoniyatlari ochib beriladi. Tahlil natijalari shuni ko‘rsatadiki, mahalliy kompaniyalar OEM modeliga o‘tish orqali xalqaro bozorda faol ishtirok etish, investitsiya jalb qilish va ishlab chiqarish hajmini oshirish imkoniyatiga ega bo‘ladi. Shu bilan birga, maqolada strategiyani muvaffaqiyatli joriy etish uchun zarur bo‘lgan muhit, siyosiy yondashuv va tizimli yondashuvlar ham ko‘rib chiqiladi.