Ushbu maqolada O‘zbekiston ta’lim tizimida akademik erkinlik tushunchasi, uning mazmuni va huquqiy asoslari keng yoritilgan. Akademik erkinlik — ta’lim muassasalari, o‘qituvchilar va talabalar faoliyatida ilmiy izlanish, ta’lim mazmuni va metodlarini erkin tanlash imkoniyatini beruvchi demokratik tamoyil sifatida tahlil qilinadi.

Mazkur maqolada o‘zbek xalqining milliy bayramlari, o‘ziga xos urf-odat va marosimlari, ularning paydo bo‘lishi xususidagi turli xil qarashlar, biz nishonlayotgan va ajdodlarimiz nishonlagan bayramlarning rivojlanish bosqichlari xususida so‘z boradi.

Globallashuv jarayonida sport nafaqat ijtimoiy-madaniy hodisa, balki tilshunoslik nuqtayi nazaridan ham alohida tadqiq etilayotgan sohalardan biridir. Sport terminlari milliy tillarning lug‘at boyligini boyitishda, yangi so‘z yasash jarayonlarida va xalqaro muloqotda muhim ahamiyat kasb etadi. O‘zbek va ingliz tillarida sportga oid terminlarning shakllanishida umumiylik va farqlanish mavjud bo‘lib, ular affiksatsiya, kompozitsiya, abbreviatsiya, semantik kengayish va qabul qilingan so‘zlar orqali yasaladi. Mazkur tadqiqot ushbu ikki til paralleligida sport terminlarining yasalishini o‘rganish va ularning lingvistik xususiyatlarini aniqlashga qaratilgan.

Ushbu maqolada emotsiya tushunchasining psixologik mohiyati, uning inson hayotidagi o‘rni va ahamiyati, shuningdek, emotsional jarayonlarning fiziologik asoslari yoritilgan. Emotsiyalar insonning xulq-atvori, idrok, tafakkur va ijtimoiy munosabatlarida muhim rol o‘ynaydi. Tadqiqotda zamonaviy psixologik yondashuvlar, shu jumladan, U. Jeyms, K. Lange, S. L. Rubinshteyn va boshqa olimlarning ilmiy qarashlari tahlil qilingan.

Holmium energy is delivered to the tissue by means of flexible quartz fibers containing a small amount of water and is released in short pulses. The absorbing chromophore for holmium energy is water. The wavelength of 2140 nm and the penetrating ability into the pancreatic tissue to a depth of 0.5 mm provides the necessary effect. At the same time, the further spread of energy is prevented by the presence of cellular and extracellular fluid, which in turn prevents the development of a deep thermal tissue effect [4]. Due to the presence of a large amount of water in the pancreatic tissue and, accordingly, excellent thermal conduction, the surgeon is given the opportunity to apply both ablation and coagulation. The pulse mechanism of energy delivery also contributes to the process of tissue vaporization. Moreover, hemostasis is achieved independently of the coagulation profile of the patient, which is ideal for patients undergoing anticoagulant therapy [4].