This paper explores the digital transformation of higher education institutions in Uzbekistan, focusing on the adoption of digital tools, institutional readiness, and the challenges faced by faculty and students. The study employs a mixed-methods research design, incorporating both quantitative and qualitative data from surveys, interviews, and document analysis. The findings highlight significant progress in digital adoption, with faculty members using online platforms such as Moodle and Google Classroom. However, gaps in diThis paper explores the digital transformation of higher education institutions in Uzbekistan, focusing on the adoption of digital tools, institutional readiness, and the challenges faced by faculty and students. The study employs a mixed-methods research design, incorporating both quantitative and qualitative data from surveys, interviews, and document analysis. The findings highlight significant progress in digital adoption, with faculty members using online platforms such as Moodle and Google Classroom. However, gaps in digital literacy, uneven infrastructure distribution, and challenges related to access for students in rural areas remain key issues. This paper provides recommendations for addressing these barriers to ensure equitable and sustainable digital transformation in Uzbekistan’s higher education sector.gital literacy, uneven infrastructure distribution, and challenges related to access for students in rural areas remain key issues. This paper provides recommendations for addressing these barriers to ensure equitable and sustainable digital transformation in Uzbekistan’s higher education sector.

Mazkur maqolada ingliz sayyohi va tadqiqotchisi A. Byornsning ma’lumotlari asosida XIX asr o‘rtalarida Buxoro amirligidagi savdo holati yoritiladi. O‘sha davrda Buxoro Rossiya imperiyasi bilan faol iqtisodiy aloqalarni yo‘lga qo‘ygan bo‘lib, bu davlat uning asosiy tashqi savdo hamkoriga aylangan edi. Biroq Angliya o‘zining mintaqadagi ta’sirini saqlab qolish maqsadida Rossiyaning Buxoro bilan savdosiga to‘sqinlik qilish uchun jiddiy harakatlar qilgan. Jumladan, ingliz tovarlari Shimoliy Hindiston, Xitoy, Fors va Afg‘onistonda asta-sekin rus mahsulotlarini bozordan siqib chiqara boshlagan. A.Byornsning yozishicha, XIX asrning birinchi yarmida Buxoro amirligida savdo aloqalari o‘z taraqqiyotining eng yuqori cho‘qqisiga yetgan. Davlat siyosati ichki va tashqi savdoni rivojlantirishga faol ko‘maklashgan. Buxorodagi bozoru karvonsaroylar, Buyuk ipak yo‘li orqali shakllangan yo‘nalishlar savdo markazi sifatida katta ahamiyat kasb etgan. Mahalliy hokimiyatlar tomonidan bozor narxlari qat’iy nazorat ostida ushlab turilgan, bu esa davlat tomonidan iqtisodiy jarayonlarga bo‘lgan faol aralashuvni ko‘rsatadi. Buxoroga Yevropa, Hindiston, Xitoy va Forsdan savdogarlar oqib kelgan, bu esa shaharning Markaziy Osiyodagi yirik iqtisodiy markazlardan biriga aylanishiga olib kelgan. A.Byorns Buxoro amirligining XIX asr birinchi yarmidagi ijtimoiy-iqtisodiy holatini chuqur o‘rgangan ilk g‘arb tadqiqotchilaridan biri hisoblanadi. Uning kuzatuvlari mintaqaviy va xalqaro savdo aloqalarini, yirik davlatlar o‘rtasidagi iqtisodiy raqobatni hamda amirlikning ichki iqtisodiy siyosatini anglash uchun muhim manba bo‘lib xizmat qiladi.

Ushbu maqolada inklyuziv ta’lim nima ekanligi uning mazmuni,maqsadi va tamoyillari bo’lajak o’qituvchilarning kasbiy kompetentliklarini rivojlantirishda inklyuziv ta’limning o’rni va uning tasiri yoritilgan. Bo’lajak o’qituvchilarning kasbiy kompetentliklarini rivojlantirishda inklyuziv ta’limga tayyorlashda pedagogik, psixologik, va ijtimoiy kompetentliklarini rivojlantirishga alohida e’tibor qaratilgan.

Ushbu maqolada maktabgacha ta’lim tizimida xorijiy mamlakatlar bilan olib borilayotgan hamkorlik ishlari, ularning asosiy yo‘nalishlari, natijalari hamda istiqbollari yoritilgan. Finlyandiya, Janubiy Koreya, Yaponiya kabi ilg‘or davlatlarning tajribalari asosida O‘zbekistonda amalga oshirilayotgan loyihalar tahlil qilinadi. Jadval va statistik ma’lumotlar orqali xalqaro hamkorlikning samaradorligi ko‘rsatilib, kelajakdagi takliflar va strategik yondashuvlar asoslab berilgan.

Ushbu maqolada sovet hokiiyati tomonidan O’rta Osiyoda milliy-hududiy chegaralanish o’tkazishning maqsadi, mohiyati, uning sabablari hamda oqibatlari haqida ma’lumotlar berilgan.