This article provides an in-depth examination of management practices in public and private higher education institutions (HEIs) in Uzbekistan. It spans governance, financial management, faculty recruitment, curriculum innovation, and accountability. The analysis integrates empirical data, case examples—such as TEAM University and New Uzbekistan University—and insights from scholarly and policy literature. It highlights how ongoing reforms reshape institutional autonomy, quality assurance, and internationalization, offering implications for higher education policy and institutional strategy.

Mazkur maqolada XIX asr oxiri – XX asr boshlarida Rossiya imperiyasi tomonidan Turkiston o‘lkasida amalga oshirilgan iqtisodiy siyosat tahlil qilingan. Mustamlaka manfaatlariga mos ravishda o‘lkada kapitalistik ishlab chiqarishning rivojlanishi, rus sanoat kapitalining kirib kelishi va sanoat korxonalarining tashkil topishi jarayonlari yoritilgan. Xususan, dastlabki paxta tozalash, ko‘nchilik, vino va aroq, tegirmon, yog‘ zavodlari faoliyati, ularning o‘lkadagi iqtisodiy hayotga ta’siri haqida ma’lumotlar berilgan. Maqolada chor hukumati tomonidan Turkistonni xomashyo bazasiga aylantirish siyosati, mahalliy aholining iqtisodiy manfaatlarining cheklanishi hamda rus monopolistlarining paxta savdosida tutgan o‘rni ilmiy manbalar asosida tahlil etilgan.

Ushbu maqolada imkoniyati cheklangan o‘quvchilarga musiqa fanini o‘qitish metodikasi nazariy va amaliy jihatdan tahlil qilinadi. Musiqa darslarining psixologik, tarbiyaviy va ijtimoiy funksiyalari yoritilib, o‘quvchilarda shaxsiy rivojlanish, kommunikativ imkoniyatlar va ijodiy qobiliyatlarning shakllanishi tadqiq etilgan. Tadqiqot jarayonida qo‘shiq kuylash, cholg‘u chalish, ritmik mashqlar, musiqa terapiyasi va raqamli texnologiyalardan foydalanish natijalari ko‘rib chiqildi. Kuzatuvlar shuni ko‘rsatadiki, musiqa ta’limi imkoniyati cheklangan o‘quvchilarda emotsional barqarorlikni ta’minlash, ijtimoiylashuvni kuchaytirish, nutq va motorik ko‘nikmalarni rivojlantirishda samarali vosita hisoblanadi.

This article examines the role of digital feedback systems in enhancing reading-based writing tasks. It synthesizes current evidence on automated and semi-automated feedback tools that target comprehension, analysis, synthesis, and argumentative writing skills rooted in reading. The paper evaluates system features (diagnostic feedback, formative comments, adaptive prompts, and analytics), pedagogical integration strategies, and impacts on writing quality, metacognition, and revision behavior. Findings indicate that well-designed digital feedback systems can accelerate skill development when combined with teacher mediation, scaffolds for source use, and iterative revision cycles. Challenges include aligning feedback with curricular goals, ensuring feedback specificity and interpretability, addressing source‑based plagiarism, and mitigating equity issues related to access and algorithmic bias. The article concludes with recommendations for design principles, classroom implementation, and directions for future research.

Ushbu maqolada imkoniyati cheklangan o‘quvchilarni biologiya faniga o‘qitishda yangi pedagogik texnologiyalarni qo‘llashning samaradorligi ko‘rib chiqiladi. Innovatsion metodlar yordamida o‘quvchilarni faollashtirish, individual yondashuvni ta’minlash hamda bilimlarni yanada chuqurroq o‘zlashtirish imkoniyatlari tahlil qilinadi. Maqola biologiya fanining murakkab kontseptsiyalarini soddalashtirish va interaktiv usullar orqali o‘quv jarayonini qiziqarli qilishga yo‘naltirilgan pedagogik yondashuvlarni o‘z ichiga oladi. Shuningdek, maqolada inklyuziv ta’limda yangi texnologiyalarning roli va muhimligi ta’kidlanadi.