Annotatsiya. Mazkur maqolada jinoyat huquqi nazariyasining asosiy va eng murakkab bo‘g‘inlaridan biri bo‘lgan ayb instituti va uning shakllari har tomonlama yoritilgan. Ayb shaxsning o‘z harakatlari yoki harakatsizligiga nisbatan ruhiy-psixologik munosabatini ifodalaydi va jinoyat tarkibining zaruriy subyektiv elementi sifatida e’tirof etiladi. Shu bois, aybning mavjudligi yoki mavjud emasligi shaxsning jinoiy javobgarlikka tortilishida hal qiluvchi ahamiyat kasb etadi.

Yuqori nafas yo‘llari — burun bo‘shlig‘i, burun orti, halqum va hiqildoq kabi murakkab anatomik tuzilmalardan tashkil topgan bo‘lib, ular nafas olish, himoya, rezonans va nutq hosil bo‘lishi kabi muhim fiziologik jarayonlarda ishtirok etadi. Ushbu tuzilmalarning anatomik xususiyatlarini chuqur o‘rganish otorinolaringologiyada tashxis, davolash va jarrohlik amaliyotlarini mukammal bajarish uchun zarur asosdir.

Globalization represents a complex and multidimensional process that has reshaped the economic, political, and cultural dynamics of the modern world. This study aims to define the concept of globalization and examine its principal features through an analytical review of existing academic literature. The research identifies globalization as an evolving phenomenon driven by technological innovation, liberalization of trade, and the rapid exchange of information across borders.

This article analyzes the types of speech styles, their main characteristics, and scope of application. Speech styles are animportant part of literary language, serving to express various socio-political, scientific, spiritual, and everyday needs ofsociety. Each style has its own lexical, grammatical, and stylistic features that help convey the content of speech clearly,fluently, and effectively. The article highlights the specific aspects of scientific, formal, journalistic, artistic, andconversational styles.

Ona tili va adabiy ta`lim jarayonida asosiy diqqat – e’tiborni o`quvchilarda so`z boyligini oshirish, ma`no nozikliklari, farq va o`xshashlikarini his qilish hamda anglab yetish, to`g`ri talaffuz qilish va bexato yozish, so`zlarni to`g`ri qo`llash, fikrni gap va matn tarzida to`g`ri ifodalash ko`nikmalarini shakllantirishga qaratish zarur. Insonda tafakkur va til o`zaro chanbarchas bog`liq bo`lib, ijodiy va mustaqil fikrli, ma`naviy yetuk shaxsni tarbiyalashda ona tili va adabiy ta`lim usuli, shuningdek, vositalarining o`rni, ro`li beqiyos.