Ushbu maqolada kichik yoshdagi bolalarning axloqiy tarbiyasini shakllantirishda o‘yinli pedagogik texnologiyalarning ahamiyati, ularning pedagogik jarayondagi funksiyasi va nufuzli pedagoglar tomonidan bildirilgan ilmiy-nazariy qarashlar asosida tahlil etilgan. Kichik yoshdagi bolalarni ijtimoiylashuviga qaratilgan turli qarashlar, metodlar ilmiy tadqiqotlarni nazariy hamda metodologik jihatdan ochib berilgan.

Legal capacity, defined as an individual’s competence to acquire rights and bear obligations, is recognized as a fundamental principle in all legal systems. This study conducts a comparative analysis of commercial capacity within the legal frameworks of Afghanistan and Egypt. The central question of the research is whether the rules governing capacity in commercial matters are similar to those applied in civil affairs, or whether there are fundamental differences between the two domains. The aim of this study is to analyze and compare the concept of commercial capacity in the two legal systems and to examine whether legally incapacitated individuals are permitted to engage in commercial activities. The research adopts a descriptive-analytical method and is based on legal sources from both countries. The findings reveal that although the foundational principles of capacity are similar in both legal systems, there are notable differences in how these principles are applied. In particular, individuals under legal incapacity are not allowed to independently engage in commercial activities, even with the permission of a guardian or curator. Moreover, guardians or curators are also prohibited from conducting commercial activities on behalf of those under their care. This study is significant because a comparative examination of these laws can enhance the understanding and application of capacity rules in commercial matters in both countries.

Mazkur ishda bezorilikka moyil va oʻzlashtirishi sust oʻquvchilar bilan ishlashning psixologik-pedagogik jihatlari yoritilgan. Tatqiqotda bunday oʻquvchilarning xulq-atvori, oʻzlashtirish darajasining past boʻlish sabablari va ularning jamoadagi ijtimoiy moslashuvi muammolari tahlil qilinadi. Shuningdek, ularni ijobiy yoʻnaltirish, darsga qiziqishini oshirish, motivatsiyasini kuchaytirish hamda individual yondashuv asosida taʼlim-tarbiya jarayoniga faol jalb etish boʻyicha samarali usullar koʻrib chiqiladi. Ushbu mavzu boʻyicha olib borilgan ishlar maktab psixologi, sinf rahbari va ota-onalar hamkorligini talab etadi. Ish natijalari bezorilik holatlarini kamaytirish va oʻzlashtirish darajasini oshirishga xizmat qiladi.

Mazkur maqolada boshlang‘ich sinf o‘quvchilarini badiiy matnni tahlil qilishga o‘rgatishda integrativ yondashuvning samaradorligi tahlil qilinadi. Integrativ yondashuv asosida adabiyot, ona tili, tasviriy san’at, musiqa kabi fanlararo bog‘liqlikda o‘quvchilarning tahliliy fikrlashi, estetik didi va og‘zaki nutqi rivojlanishi ko‘rsatilgan. Tadqiqotda amaliy tajriba asosida bu yondashuvning dars jarayonida o‘quvchilarning faol ishtirokini ta’minlashi, o‘quv motivatsiyasini oshirishi va matnga chuqur yondashuvni shakllantirishdagi o‘rni yoritilgan. Shuningdek, maqolada dars dizaynini integratsiyalashgan holda tashkil etish bo‘yicha metodik tavsiyalar ham bayon etilgan.

Ushbu maqolada mental arifmetikaning boshlang‘ich sinf o‘quvchilarining matematik tafakkurini rivojlantirishdagi roli o‘rganiladi. Mental arifmetika nafaqat tez hisoblash malakalarini, balki tafakkur, xotira, diqqat va tasavvur kabi kognitiv kompetensiyalarni ham rivojlantiradi. Tadqiqotda turli metodlar asosida tajriba sinf o‘quvchilari bilan ish olib borilib, ularning natijalari tahlil qilindi.