Ushbu maqolada XVI–XIX asrlarda Oʻrta Osiyo xonliklari — Buxoro, Xiva va Qo‘qon hamda Eron (Safaviylar, Afshoriylar va Qajarlar sulolalari) o‘rtasidagi diplomatik munosabatlar tarixiy manbalar asosida tahlil qilinadi. Mazkur aloqalarning shakllanishi, rivojlanishi va muayyan siyosiy voqealar ta’sirida o‘zgarishi o‘rganiladi. Shuningdek, diniy, iqtisodiy va harbiy omillarning diplomatik jarayonlarga ta’siri yoritiladi. Maqola orqali mintaqaviy geosiyosiy muvozanatda bu aloqalarning tutgan o‘rni ochib beriladi.

In recent decades, the prevalence of allergic respiratory diseases, such as asthma and allergic rhinitis, in children has been rising at an alarming rate. One of the key contributors to this trend is climate change, which has altered environmental conditions, exacerbating the frequency and intensity of allergens such as pollen, mold, and air pollutants. This paper examines the dynamics of the increasing incidence of allergic respiratory diseases in children under the conditions of climate change. It explores the key environmental factors-such as rising temperatures, longer pollen seasons, and worsening air quality-that contribute to this growing health concern. The paper also delves into the vulnerability of children, whose developing immune and respiratory systems make them more susceptible to environmental stressors. In addition, it emphasizes the importance of preventive measures, including environmental regulation, early detection, allergen avoidance strategies, and public health policies aimed at reducing exposure to harmful environmental factors.

Ushbu maqolada o'smirlarda o'z-o'zini baholash muammosi, uning shaxs rivojlanishidagi ahamiyati va uni shakllantirish yo'llari tahlil qilingan. O'z-o'zini baholash shaxsning muhim tarkibiy qismi sifatida o'smirlik davrida faol shakllanadi va keyingi hayot yo'nalishini belgilashda muhim ahamiyat kasb etadi. Maqolada o'z-o'zini baholashning psixologik-pedagogik mohiyati, unga ta'sir etuvchi omillar, o'smirlarda o'z-o'zini baholash muammolari va ularning namoyon bo'lish shakllari, shuningdek, adekvat o'z-o'zini baholashni shakllantirish yo'llari o'rganilgan.

Ushbu maqolada bioparchalanuvchi polimerlarga qo‘yiladigan xalqaro standartlar, ularning asosiy tamoyillari va ekologik baholash mezonlari tahlil qilinadi. Polimer materiallarning biologik parchalanish qobiliyatini baholashda qo‘llaniladigan eng muhim standartlar – ASTM D6400, EN 13432, ISO 17088 va boshqalar yoritiladi. Maqolada, shuningdek, ushbu standartlarning global amaliyotdagi o‘rni va ularni joriy etishdagi muammolar ko‘rib chiqilgan.

Boshlang‘ich sinflarda matematika fanidan sinfdan tashqari ishlarning o‘rni, ahamiyati va ularni tashkil etish metodikasi keng yoritilgan.