Ушбу мақолада Туркистон ўлкаси тарихини тадқиқ этишда Россия империяси томонидан ўлка бошқаруви учун қабул қилинган меъёрий-ҳуқуқий ҳужжатлар ва қонунларнинг аҳамияти очиб берилади.

This article explores methods for developing physical qualities, particularly speed and strength, in 12-14-year-old boys through Taekwondo training. Based on scientific research and practical experience, it presents specialized exercises and recommended training programs for this age group, aimed at enhancing athletic performance.

Ushbu maqola g‘arb pedagogikasining umumisoniy qadriyatlarini o‘rganishga bag‘ishlangan hamda ularning boshqa xalqlar umuminsoniy pedagogikasining rivojlanishida tutgan o‘rni, G‘arb ta’lim tizimida shakllangan asosiy tamoyillar, erkinlik, tenglik, inson huquqlari ijtimoiy adolat va demokratiya kabi qadriyatlar tahlil qilinadi.

XIX asrning 2-yarmidagi Buxoroning siyosiy-ijtimoiy hayoti amir Nasrulloxon(1826-1860) hamda amir Muzaffarxonlar(1860-1885)ning nomlari bilan ko’zga tashlanadi. Fikr yuritilayotgan davr tarixini, xalqning turmush tarzi, ijtimoy hayotini o’rganishda esa ular bilan hamnafas bo’lgan zamondosh olimlarning bizgacha yetib kelgan asarlari muhim rol o’ynaydi. XIX asr oxiridagi Buxoro amirligidagi axloqiy qadriyatlar haqida ma'lumot beruvchi asarlar orasida bir necha muhim manbalar mavjud. Ushbu davrda yozilgan asarlar, ayniqsa, Buxoro amirligining axloqiy qadriyatlari, diniy qarashlar va madaniy an'analari haqida muhim ma'lumotlarni taqdim etgan. Ushbu maqolada ijtimoiy sohaning asosiy metodlaridan chuqur tahlil qilish hamda tarixiylik usuli asosida aniqlangan ma’lumotlardan foydalanilgan holda Vozehning asarlari misolida amirlikdagi ijtimoy hayot qisman bo’lsada yoritib beriladi. Aynan fikr yuritilayotgan davr tojik adabiyotida ko’zga koʻringan namoyandalardan biri Rahmatulloh Vozehdir. Vozeh qalamiga mansub bir necha mashhur asarlardan xususan, “Aqoid un nisa” risolasidan foydalanib Buxoro xalqining ijtimoiy tarixi bayon etiladi. Olimning boshqa zamondosh shoirlardan farqini ham aynan Buxoro amirligidagi ijtimoiy hayotni ochiqchasiga, hech qanday oshirib yozishlarsiz, xolis va haqqoniy bayon etganligida, kamchiliklarni yashirmaganligida ko’rish mumkin.

This article explores the fundamental principles of thermal power generation, focusing on core components and functions in thermal power plants. It covers thermodynamics, the Rankine cycle, and heat transmission rules, with detailed examination of Rankine cycles and heat transfer mechanisms in plant components. It also discusses internal combustion engines, particularly diesel engines, and Advanced Exergy-Based Analyses in system analysis. These analyses aim to identify preventable exergy destruction sources and costs within components, with ongoing development addressing issues like validating exergy dissipation divisions. Synthesis methodologies include superstructure-based and superstructure-free approaches. The former uses a steam network to create a steam-cycle superstructure, integrating with a heat exchanger network for comprehensive flowsheets. The latter employs SYNTHSEP and ECH-based methods, with the ECH-based method excelling in comprehensive flowsheet synthesis and offering easy expansion with precise models. Both methods use bi-level decomposition techniques combining evolutionary algorithms and mathematical programming.