Dunyo bo‘ylab shaharlar jiddiy muammo — havo ifloslanishi bilan yuzma-yuz kelmoqda. Ushbu maqolada yirik shaharlarda havo ifloslanishining asosiy sabablari, uning ekologik va ijtimoiy oqibatlari hamda muammoni kamaytirish yo‘llari keng qamrovda tahlil qilinadi.

Juvenile criminal responsibility constitutes one of the fundamental and challenging issues in criminal law and the juvenile criminal justice system. This research is conducted with the aim of clarifying the scope and limits of children’s criminal responsibility within the legal system of Afghanistan. The principal research question addresses the legal bases and criteria upon which such responsibility is determined, particularly across different age stages.

This article critically reconsiders the conventional distinction between developed and developing countries. It argues that this binary classification is no longer analytically adequate, as it obscures historical responsibility, ignores colonial legacies, and presents hierarchical global relations as natural and neutral

This article investigates the inherent dynamism and fluidity of Hanafi jurisprudence in its capacity to accommodate varying temporal and spatial contexts. From its inception, the Hanafi school has been deeply intertwined with the socio-political, economic, and cultural developments of Muslim societies, consistently endeavoring to address evolving circumstances and respond to the exigencies imposed by changing times and environments.

Мазкур мақолада солиқ қонунчилигини бузиш билан боғлиқ жиноятларни тергов қилишнинг жиноят-процессуал хусусиятлари ҳамда криминалистик методикаси таҳлил қилинган. Муаллиф томонидан жиноят ишини қўзғатиш босқичида текширув материалларини баҳолаш масалалари, исботлаш предметининг ўзига хослиги ва махсус билимлардан фойдаланиш зарурати асослаб берилган.