This study looks at the practical and rhetorical strategies used in English and Uzbek political communication. It focuses on how language is used to shape political identity, sway public opinion, and reach persuasive goals. Political speech in both language groups shows cultural values, historical events, and national ways of communicating. The study examines essential pragmatic mechanisms, including speech acts, politeness strategies, implicature, presupposition, and deixis, in conjunction with rhetorical devices such as metaphor, repetition, parallelism, emotional appeal, and evaluative language. A comparative approach shows that there are both similarities and differences in how to persuade people, how to make arguments, and how to get people interested. English political communication often focuses on individualism, directness, and strategic framing. On the other hand, Uzbek political discourse tends to focus on collectivism, respect, social harmony, and culturally appropriate ways of addressing people. The results show that sociocultural norms and political contexts affect the choices people make about how to say things and how to understand and accept messages. The study helps us learn more about how people from different cultures talk about politics and how language affects political reality.

This article describes the functions of electrical networks, the processes of transmitting electrical energy from generation to consumers, as well as the structural design and operating principles of overhead power transmission lines (OPTL). The reliability of power supply, power quality, classification of consumers, and the main technical elements used in transmission lines are analyzed. The transmission of electric power through electrical networks and overhead power lines (OHLs) plays a fundamental role in modern power systems, ensuring the reliable and efficient delivery of electricity from generation sources to consumers. With the continuous growth of electricity demand and the integration of renewable energy sources, transmission systems must operate under increasingly complex technical and environmental conditions. This study examines the principles, structure, and operational characteristics of electric power transmission through high-voltage electrical networks and overhead transmission lines. Special attention is given to power losses, voltage regulation, stability issues, and environmental impacts. The technical advantages and limitations of overhead power lines are analyzed in comparison with alternative transmission technologies. Furthermore, modern improvements such as high-voltage alternating current (HVAC), high-voltage direct current (HVDC), and smart grid technologies are discussed. The results demonstrate that optimized network configuration, proper conductor selection, reactive power compensation, and digital monitoring systems significantly improve transmission efficiency and reliability. The findings provide a theoretical and practical foundation for enhancing long-distance electric power transmission systems.

Ushbu maqolada kiberjinoyat nima ekanligi, uning turlari va xalqaro kiber huquqda olimlarning nazariy qarashlari yoritib berilgan. Bundan tashqari O‘zbekistonda kiberjinoyatni sodir etganlik uchun javobgarlik choralari hamda kiberjinoyatchilik to‘g‘risida statistik ma’lumotlar keltirib o‘tilgan.

Mazkur maqolada o‘zbek izohli lug‘atlarida taqlid birliklarining semantik tasnifi hamda ularni izohlash usullari lingvistik va leksikografik nuqtai nazardan tahlil qilinadi. Taqlid birliklari tilning fonosemantik qatlamiga mansub bo‘lib, tabiat tovushlari, harakat, holat va hissiy ifodalarni bevosita aks ettirish xususiyatiga ega. Maqolada taqlid so‘zlarning semantik guruhlari, ularning nutqdagi funksional xususiyatlari hamda izohli lug‘atlarda berilish prinsiplari yoritiladi. Shuningdek, izoh berish jarayonida semantik aniqlik, uslubiy belgilash, fonetik variantlar va kontekstual misollarning ahamiyati asoslab beriladi. Tadqiqot natijalari taqlid birliklarini leksikografik jihatdan mukammal ifodalash til boyligini tizimli aks ettirishda muhim ahamiyatga ega ekanini ko‘rsatadi.

Mazkur maqolada foyda solig‘ini hisoblash va undirishning nazariy-huquqiy asoslari, iqtisodiy mohiyati hamda amaldagi mexanizmlarining samaradorligi kompleks yondashuv asosida tahlil qilinadi. Xususan, foyda solig‘ining fiskal siyosatdagi o‘rni, davlat byudjeti daromadlarini shakllantirishdagi ahamiyati, korxonalar moliyaviy natijalariga ta’siri va investitsion muhit bilan o‘zaro bog‘liqligi ilmiy jihatdan asoslab beriladi. Tadqiqot doirasida soliq bazasini aniqlash metodologiyasi, daromad va xarajatlarni tan olish mezonlari, amortizatsiya siyosati, zararlarni ko‘chirish mexanizmi hamda chegirmalar tizimining amaliy qo‘llanilishi chuqur tahlil qilinadi. Shuningdek, maqolada transfer narxlash amaliyoti, transmilliy kompaniyalar faoliyatida foydani sun’iy kamaytirish xavflari, yashirin iqtisodiyot omillari va soliqdan bo‘yin tovlash sxemalari kabi dolzarb masalalar yoritiladi. Soliq ma’murchiligini takomillashtirish nuqtai nazaridan riskga asoslangan nazorat tizimi, elektron hisobotlar, avtomatlashtirilgan monitoring, big data va raqamli platformalarning ahamiyati baholanadi. Buxgalteriya hisobi va soliq hisobi o‘rtasidagi tafovutlar hamda ularning korxonalar moliyaviy yuklamasiga ta’siri alohida ko‘rib chiqiladi. Tadqiqot jarayonida O‘zbekiston Respublikasida foyda solig‘i bo‘yicha amaldagi normativ-huquqiy baza, soliq siyosatidagi so‘nggi islohotlar va xalqaro tajriba (OECD tamoyillari, BEPS konsepsiyasi) bilan solishtirma tahlil amalga oshiriladi. Natijada foyda solig‘ini hisoblash va undirish tizimida mavjud institutsional kamchiliklar, ma’muriy to‘siqlar va samaradorlikni pasaytiruvchi omillar aniqlanadi.