Ушбу илмий мақолада бўлажак чет тили ўқитувчиларида маданиятлараро мулоқот компетенсиясини шакллантириш ва ривожлантириш масаласи кенг қамровли тарзда ёритилади. Тадқиқотда маданиятлараро мулоқотнинг назарий асослари, тил ва маданият ўртасидаги ўзаро боғлиқлик, халқаро илмий моделларнинг мазмун-моҳияти ҳамда уларнинг педагогик жараёнда қўллаш имкониятлари таҳлил этилади. Шунингдек, хорижий тажриба ва миллий таълим тизими ўртасидаги қиёсий жиҳатлар кўриб чиқилиб, бўлажак чет тили ўқитувчиларининг маданиятлараро компетенсиясини ривожлантиришга хизмат қилувчи самарали методик ёндашувлар ва инновацион технологиялар таклиф этилади. Мақола орқали глобал дунёқарашни кенгайтириш, турли маданият вакиллари билан самарали мулоқот олиб бориш кўникмаларини мустаҳкамлашнинг назарий ва амалий асослари ёритилади.

Ushbu maqolada ta’lim tizimida bulut texnologiyalarini qo‘llashning dolzarbligi va afzalliklari tahlil qilinadi. Bulutli hisoblash o‘quv jarayonini samarali tashkil etish, masofaviy ta’limni rivojlantirish, elektron kutubxonalar va test tizimlaridan keng foydalanish imkonini beradi. Tadqiqotda bulut texnologiyalarining ta’limdagi afzalliklari, O‘zbekistonda ularning joriy etilishi, mavjud muammolar va ularni bartaraf etish yo‘llari ko‘rib chiqiladi. Shuningdek, bulutli platformalarning o‘qituvchilar va talabalar uchun yaratadigan qulayliklari, ta’lim sifatini oshirishdagi o‘rni hamda raqamli transformatsiya jarayonidagi ahamiyati yoritiladi. Maqola yakunida bulut texnologiyalarini ta’limda kengroq joriy etish bo‘yicha taklif va tavsiyalar beriladi.

Changes in literary and aesthetic thinking, along with the expansion of the ideological content and subject matter of modern Uzbek prose, are creating an individual style of writers, uniqueness in imagery and expression, and a variety of interpretative tones. This has created an opportunity for the expansion of a variety of stylistic and formal directions that allow for an impressive and convincing analysis of the human psyche and spiritual world from different angles. Undoubtedly, this process is manifested, first of all, in the creative attitude of writers to the diverse approaches and formal structural changes that are manifested in the method, genre, style, and poetic language, along with their worldview, artistic talent. Based on the above considerations, in this article we tried to determine the style and skills of writers using the example of their novels as a means of artistic speech.

This study offers a comprehensive investigation into the extent to which peer assessment contributes to the development of speaking communication skills among English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners. Employing a quasi-experimental design, the research involved 60 university-level EFL students who were systematically assigned to either an experimental group or a control group. Over an eight-week intervention period, the experimental group participated in a series of structured peer-assessment cycles in which learners evaluated one another’s speaking performances using criterion-referenced rubrics and guided feedback protocols. In contrast, the control group engaged in the same speaking tasks but received only traditional instructor-provided feedback. Multiple data sources—including pre- and post-instruction speaking tests, learner-perception questionnaires, and weekly reflective journals—were triangulated to gather both quantitative and qualitative evidence. The findings revealed a marked and statistically significant improvement among the experimental group across key dimensions of oral competence, specifically fluency, coherence of ideas, communicative confidence, and strategic use of language. Learners who engaged in peer assessment not only demonstrated stronger post-test performance compared to their control-group counterparts but also displayed heightened metacognitive awareness, greater self-regulation, and increased motivation to improve their speaking proficiency. Qualitative analyses further indicated that the peer-assessment process fostered deeper engagement with speaking tasks, encouraged critical listening, and cultivated a more collaborative learning environment. Taken together, these results suggest that peer assessment functions as a powerful pedagogical mechanism for enhancing speaking communication skills in EFL contexts. Beyond serving as an alternative assessment strategy, it operates as a formative learning tool that empowers students to internalize performance criteria, refine communicative strategies, and take greater ownership of their oral language development. The study underscores the pedagogical value of incorporating structured peer-feedback practices into language curricula and offers implications for designing more interactive, learner-centered approaches to speaking instruction.

Ushbu maqola Oʻzbekiston Respublikasida kiberjinoyatlarga qarshi kurashishning huquqiy asoslarini takomillashtirish masalalarini oʻrganishga bagʻishlangan. Maqolada milliy va xalqaro miqyosda kiberjinoyatchilik sohasidagi huquqiy tartibga solish mexanizmlarining hozirgi holati tahlil qilingan, huquqiy bazani modernizatsiya qilish boʻyicha takliflar ishlab chiqilgan. Tadqiqot natijalarida kiberjinoyatchilikka qarshi kurashishning huquqiy asoslarini mustahkamlash zarurligi asoslantirilgan.