This article discusses the importance of authentic materials in developing listening comprehension skills in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) classrooms. It highlights the types of authentic resources, their pedagogical value, challenges encountered by teachers and learners, and practical strategies for successful classroom implementation. The article concludes that authentic materials significantly enhance learners’ real-life listening competence and cultural awareness.

Ushbu ilmiy maqolada XI–XII asrlarda Saljuqiylar saltanati hukmronligi davrida Termiz shahrining siyosiy, ijtimoiy-iqtisodiy va madaniy rivoji har tomonlama tahlil qilingan. Movarounnahr hududiga Saljuqiylar ta’sirining kuchayishi, Termizning harbiy-strategik va diplomatik mavqei, xalqaro savdo tizimidagi o‘rni, shahar boshqaruvining o‘ziga xos jihatlari, shuningdek, arxeologik manbalar asosida madaniy hayotning taraqqiyoti yoritilgan. Maqolada Termizning bu davrda nafaqat mintaqaviy, balki xalqaro miqyosda ham muhim iqtisodiy, harbiy va ilmiy markaz bo‘lib shakllangani ilmiy manbalar asosida asoslab beriladi.

Ushbu ilmiy maqolada vitaminlar va biologik faol qo‘shimchalarning inson organizmidagi o‘rni, ularning fiziologik vazifalari, kimyoviy tarkibi, turlariga ko‘ra tasnifi hamda sog‘liq uchun ahamiyati tahlil qilingan. BAAlarning (biologik faol qo‘shimchalarning) oziq moddalar almashinuvi, immun tizimini mustahkamlash, modda almashinuvi jarayonlarini normallashtirish va kasalliklarning profilaktikasi hamda davolashdagi roli ilmiy asosda yoritilgan. Maqolada vitaminlarning tabiiy manbalari, qabul qilish me’yorlari, gipovitaminoz va giperavitaminoz kabi klinik holatlarning kelib chiqish sabablari, ularning oldini olish usullari keng yoritilgan.

Эта статья о Республике Каракалпакстан и ее истории.

This article offers an in-depth examination of the theoretical underpinnings of word formation in the English language and elucidates its significance within contemporary linguistic inquiry. Word formation represents a fundamental component of the linguistic system, facilitating the generation of new lexical units, the continual enrichment of the vocabulary, and the emergence of nuanced semantic developments. The study provides a comprehensive analysis of the principal mechanisms of word formation—including affixation, compounding, conversion, abbreviation, and blending—highlighting their functional properties, their distribution across diverse communicative registers, and the evolutionary tendencies shaped by shifting communicative demands. Furthermore, the article investigates the dynamic restructuring of English word-formation processes under the influence of globalization, digital interaction, and technological advancement, as well as the proliferation of neologisms and their growing relevance within international discourse. The findings substantiate that the morphological system of English is undergoing persistent transformation and that the mechanisms of word formation are intricately intertwined with social, cultural, and technological determinants.