Ushbu maqolada kam ta’minlangan oilalarning psixologik holati, ularning duch keladigan asosiy muammolari hamda ularga ko‘rsatiladigan psixologik xizmatlarning maqsadi, vazifalari va shakllari keng yoritilgan. Psixologik yordamning individual, oilaviy va guruhiy shakllari, shuningdek, krizis holatlarida va masofaviy yordam ko‘rsatish yo‘nalishlari tahlil qilingan. Maqolada kam ta’minlangan oilalarning ijtimoiy va ruhiy farovonligini ta’minlashda psixologik xizmatlarning o‘rni va ahamiyati alohida ta’kidlangan.

Ushbu maqolada dentinogenez - ya’ni dentin to‘qimasining shakllanish jarayoni va uning murakkab biologik asoslari chuqur tahlil qilinadi. Maqolada dentinning rivojlanish bosqichlari, odontoblastlar faoliyati, genetik va epigenetik omillarning dentin hosil bo‘lishidagi o‘rni batafsil yoritilgan. Shuningdek, dentinogenez jarayonining buzilishi bilan bog‘liq kasalliklar, jumladan, dentinogenezis imperfekta, gipomineralizatsiya va boshqa irsiy hamda orttirilgan patologiyalar tahlil qilinadi. Har bir kasallik turi alohida o‘rganilib, unda yuzaga keladigan to‘qima o‘zgarishlari, klinik belgilari, diagnostik usullari va zamonaviy davolash yo‘llariga alohida e’tibor qaratilgan. Maqola dentin hosil bo‘lishidagi fiziologik va patologik mexanizmlarni solishtirish orqali klinik stomatologiyada samarali tashxis va davolash strategiyalarini ishlab chiqishda muhim ilmiy asos bo‘lib xizmat qiladi.

Mazkur maqolada fanlar integratsiyasi asosida bo‘lajak o‘qituvchilarning kasbiy kompetensiyasini rivojlantirish masalalari yoritilgan. Bugungi kunda ta’lim jarayonida fanlararo integratsiya yondashuvi o‘qituvchilardan keng bilim doirasi, tizimli fikrlash va innovatsion metodlardan foydalanishni talab etadi. Shu nuqtai nazardan, maqolada fanlar integratsiyasi tushunchasi, uning asosiy tamoyillari va afzalliklari tahlil qilinadi. Bo‘lajak o‘qituvchilarning kasbiy kompetensiyalarini shakllantirishda integrativ yondashuvning ahamiyati, metodik imkoniyatlari va samarali amalga oshirish yo‘llari ko‘rib chiqiladi. Shuningdek, maqolada fanlar integratsiyasi vositasida o‘qituvchilarda pedagogik, metodik, kommunikativ va refleksiv kompetensiyalarni rivojlantirishning amaliy jihatlari tahlil qilinadi. Tadqiqot natijalari integratsion yondashuv orqali zamonaviy ta’lim talablariga javob bera oladigan raqobatbardosh pedagog kadrlarni tayyorlash imkoniyatlarini kengaytirishini ko‘rsatadi.

Menopause is a critical transitional phase in a woman’s life characterized by the cessation of ovarian function and the end of menstruation. It is often accompanied by a range of physical, emotional, and metabolic symptoms that vary in intensity and duration. Recent research indicates that vitamin D plays a significant role not only in bone metabolism but also in the modulation of menopausal symptoms. The aim of this study was to investigate the features of the menopausal course in women diagnosed with vitamin D deficiency and determine how hypovitaminosis D influences the severity of menopausal manifestations. The study revealed a notable correlation between low serum levels of vitamin D and the severity of vasomotor symptoms, mood disorders, sleep disturbances, and musculoskeletal pain. This research underlines the importance of monitoring and correcting vitamin D levels in peri- and postmenopausal women to reduce symptom burden and improve overall quality of life. The menopausal period represents a pivotal phase in the physiological aging process of women, characterized by profound hormonal, psychological, and metabolic transitions. Beyond the well-documented decline in estrogen levels, micronutrient imbalances—particularly vitamin D deficiency—have emerged as critical modifiers of menopausal health outcomes. This study explores the intricate interplay between hypovitaminosis D and the clinical progression of menopause, focusing on symptom intensity, systemic complications, and quality of life implications. The investigation, conducted on a representative cohort of postmenopausal women, revealed a significant amplification of menopausal discomfort in individuals with deficient serum vitamin D levels. Notably, manifestations such as thermal dysregulation, cognitive disturbances, emotional instability, and skeletal complaints were disproportionately prevalent in this subgroup. These findings suggest a potential therapeutic target in vitamin D optimization to mitigate the climacteric burden and promote healthier aging trajectories among menopausal populations.

This article analyzes the directions of multilateral formation and development of cultural diplomacy relations between the Republic of Uzbekistan and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO). Within the framework of the SCO, the role of Uzbekistan in regional integration will be highlighted through mutual cultural relations, educational programs, youth and art cooperation. The article examines the existing achievements, problems and prospects on the basis of scientific and analytical methods.