Antibiotic resistance in pneumonia is an escalating global health concern that undermines the effectiveness of current treatments and increases morbidity and mortality rates. This paper reviews the key mechanisms by which bacteria develop resistance to commonly used antibiotics, including enzymatic drug degradation, target site modification, and efflux pumps. The impact of resistant pathogens on clinical outcomes, treatment strategies, and healthcare systems is discussed. Emphasis is placed on the importance of antibiotic stewardship programs, vaccination, and rapid diagnostic techniques in managing resistant infections. The review also highlights ongoing research into novel therapeutics and the need for coordinated global efforts to mitigate antibiotic resistance. Effective management of antibiotic resistance in pneumonia is critical for improving patient outcomes and safeguarding public health.

Ushbu maqolada atov gaplarning ma’nosi, shakllanishi va maktab darsliklarida ularning qo‘llanilish usullari o‘rganildi. Atov gaplar nutqni yanada jonlantirish, ta’sirchanlikni oshirish va mavzuni aniq ifodalashda muhim vosita hisoblanadi. Tadqiqotda atov gaplarning turli turlari tahlil qilinib, ularni o‘quvchilarga samarali o‘rgatish metodikalari ko‘rib chiqildi. Mashqlar yordamida atov gaplarni to‘g‘ri qo‘llash usullari va darsliklardagi misollar tahlil qilindi. Natijalar atov gaplarni o‘rgatish jarayonini takomillashtirishga xizmat qilishi mumkin.

Ushbu maqolada muallif o'zbek millati o'z farzandlariga o'zbekona ism tanlash, va uning tarixiy ismlarni inobatga olgan xolda farzandiga qo'yish haqida qisqacha fikrlar bayon qiladi. Ismlar millat shaʼni obroʻsiga nufuziga yarasha ismlar haqida fikirlar yuritgan. Hamda oʻzbek ismiga "Xon", "Bek", Jon" qoʻshimcha deyiladi, ammo oddiy qoʻshimcha emasligini, unda oʻzbekning asl nasabini belgilovchi, anglatuvchi qoʻshimchaligi haqida bayon qiladi.

Public speaking anxiety, or glossophobia, is one of the most common fears experienced by individuals across all age groups and professions. Despite the universal nature of this fear, the ability to speak confidently in public remains essential for academic, professional, and personal development. This article explores the psychological roots of public speaking anxiety and offers a range of practical techniques to manage and overcome it. Through mental preparation, controlled breathing, progressive exposure, and cognitive restructuring, individuals can reduce fear and build lasting confidence. The article provides a structured approach to conquering anxiety and transforming public speaking into a skill that empowers rather than terrifies.

XIX asr oxiri va XX asr boshlarida Markaziy Osiyo xalqlari hayotida yangi davr boshlandi. Bu davr jadidchilik harakati bilan bog‘liq bo‘lib, uning asosiy maqsadi – milliy uyg‘onish, ma’rifatparvarlik va zamonaviy islohotlar orqali xalqni taraqqiyot sari yetaklash edi. Ayniqsa, ta’lim tizimida chuqur islohotlar zarurligi sezilib, jadidlar bu yo‘nalishda ulkan ishlarga qo‘l urdilar.