Ushbu maqola Xorazm musiqiy madaniyatining yirik namoyandalaridan biri, iste’dodli bastakor, ustoz-shogird an’anasi davomchisi va tajribali pedagog Bozorboy O‘rinov faoliyatiga bag‘ishlangan. Unda O‘rinovning Xorazm maqom san’atini rivojlantirishdagi xizmatlari, xalq og‘zaki ijodi va professional musiqa uyg‘unligi asosida yaratilgan asarlari yoritiladi.

Personalized medicine is a field of healthcare that aims to develop diagnostic, treatment, and preventive strategies based on the genetic characteristics, physiological condition, and lifestyle of each individual. This article discusses the concept of personalized medicine, its main directions, advantages, and applications in practice. Areas such as pharmacogenetics, genetic screening, and targeted therapy in oncology are considered essential components of the personalized approach. Additionally, current challenges, ethical considerations, and future prospects of this field are analyzed. The article concludes with reflections on the potential for developing personalized medicine in Uzbekistan.

В статье рассматриваются ключевые этапы формирования и развития институтов гражданского общества в Республике Узбекистан. Особое внимание уделено законодательному оформлению правовых основ, институциональному укреплению негосударственных некоммерческих организаций, развитию самоуправления и гражданской активности. Анализируются современные тенденции, включая расширение общественного контроля, цифровизацию взаимодействия граждан и государства, а также поддержка социально значимых инициатив. Подчёркивается, что активное участие граждан в управлении и расширение демократических институтов являются важными условиями построения открытого и справедливого общества.

Listening is one of the most essential skills in language acquisition, and it plays a pivotal role in mastering the English language. This paper explores the significance of listening skills in English language learning, analyzing the various methods and approaches to improve listening comprehension, while also highlighting the challenges faced by learners. The study reviews existing literature on the topic, identifies key strategies, and discusses how listening proficiency can enhance overall language competence. By synthesizing both theoretical and practical perspectives, this paper aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the role of listening in the language learning process.

This study examines the relationship between teaching experience, professional certification, and educators' effectiveness in contemporary educational settings. Through comprehensive literature analysis, this research explores how years of teaching experience and various certification programs contribute to professional development and student learning outcomes. The analysis reveals that while teaching experience provides practical knowledge and classroom management skills, formal certification programs offer structured professional development opportunities that enhance pedagogical competencies.