This paper explores the effectiveness and safety of anesthetic support methods used in pediatric outpatient surgery. Outpatient procedures in children require careful anesthetic planning due to their unique physiological and psychological characteristics. The paper examines various anesthetic techniques including general, regional, and local anesthesia with sedation, highlighting their applications, benefits, and limitations. It also discusses essential safety measures such as preoperative assessment, intraoperative monitoring, and postoperative care. Special attention is given to recent advancements in pediatric anesthesia, such as short-acting drugs, improved monitoring systems, and multimodal analgesia. The findings emphasize the importance of a multidisciplinary approach involving trained specialists, child-centered protocols, and evidence-based practices to ensure successful and safe surgical outcomes.

The civil liability of physicians in Islamic jurisprudence and the statutory laws of Afghanistan is one of the complex and sensitive issues in medical law, referring to the responsibility of doctors towards patients and the consequences resulting from their medical actions. Civil liability of a physician means their obligation to compensate for financial, physical, or emotional damages caused to patients. This liability typically arises when a doctor fails to fulfill their duties or performs unauthorized or negligent medical procedures. The aim of this study is to examine the conditions and circumstances under which physicians are held civilly liable under Islamic jurisprudence and Afghan statutory law. The central question of this research is: under what conditions and circumstances is a physician liable according to Islamic jurisprudence and Afghanistan’s laws? It appears that if a physician causes harm to a patient due to negligence, lack of caution, or excessive treatment, they are considered liable. This research is conducted through library-based sources and employs a descriptive-analytical method. The findings indicate that a physician cannot be deemed absolutely liable or entirely acquitted; rather, they are liable in cases where they fail to obtain prior consent (discharge of liability), lack sufficient expertise, or commit negligence. Otherwise, they are not considered liable.

Ushbu maqolada jismoniy shaxslarni soliqqa tortishda ijtimoiy chegirmalarning xalqaro tajribasi o‘rganilgan. AQSh, Yevropa, Sharqiy Osiyo va Skandinaviya mamlakatlari misolida ularning yondashuvlari, soliq siyosatidagi asosiy maqsadlar, chegirmalar shakllari va O‘zbekistondagi amaliyot bilan solishtiruvlar tahlil qilingan. Shuningdek, O‘zbekiston uchun mos takliflar ilgari surilgan.

Ushbu maqola ta'lim muassasalarida fuqaro muhofazasi tadbirlarini o‘tkazish va hujjatlarini ishlab chiqish masalalariga bag‘ishlangan. Maqolada fuqaro muhofazasi tadbirlarining ta'lim muassasalarida ahamiyati, asosiy qoidalari, tashkilotlar tomonidan bajarilishi kerak bo‘lgan vazifalar va hujjatlarni tayyorlashda e'tibor berilishi lozim bo‘lgan masalalar ko‘rib chiqiladi. Tadbirlar o‘quvchilarning xavfsizligini ta'minlash, favqulodda vaziyatlarga tayyor turish va evakuatsiya rejalari orqali muassasada xavfsizlikni mustahkamlashni maqsad qiladi. Maqola, shuningdek, hujjatlarni takomillashtirish, innovatsion texnologiyalarni joriy etish va muntazam yangilanishlarning ahamiyatini ta'kidlaydi.

Ushbu maqolada aholini jismoniy tarbiyaga jalb etishning samaradorligini baholash tizimi va uning ahamiyati tahlil qilinadi. Aholini jismoniy tarbiyaga jalb qilish, nafaqat jismoniy sog‘likni yaxshilash, balki ruhiy holatni, farovonlikni oshirish va jamiyatda sog‘lom turmush tarzini targ‘ib qilishga ham katta hissa qo‘shadi. Maqolada baholash tizimi uchun qo‘llaniladigan metodologik yondashuvlar, ko‘rsatkichlar va zamonaviy usullar taqdim etiladi. Samaradorlikni baholashda ishlatiladigan metodlar, shu jumladan statistik tahlil, so‘rovnomalar va ko‘rsatkichlar tahlili kabi usullar hamda jismoniy tarbiya faoliyatini takomillashtirish bo‘yicha takliflar keltirilgan. Ushbu maqola aholini jismoniy tarbiyaga jalb qilish bo‘yicha samarali tizimlarni yaratishga va sog‘lom turmush tarzini shakllantirishga qaratilgan ilmiy asoslarni taqdim etadi.