Fair competition in the marketplace benefits consumers, sellers, and society; however, in some cases, certain traders may resort to unfair methods or violate competition laws and harm each other's commercial interests. In such cases, the issues of civil and criminal liability arise from unfair competition. Unfair competition can be defined as any competition that is conducted contrary to the norms of honorable conduct and trade. It is an aggressive behavior that arises from the misuse of a specific freedom related to commercial activities that is not inherently prohibited and is permissible when used normally. The legislator has defined acceptable methods and fair competition to maintain market order and gain profit, and traders must use these legal methods in their transactions to avoid causing disorder in the market and harm to others. This article examines the enforcement mechanisms arising from unfair commercial competition in the legal system of Afghanistan. The findings indicate that the enforcement mechanisms arising from unfair competition in the legal system of Afghanistan include: compensation for damages, restoration of the previous state, monetary fines and in some cases imprisonment.

Motivatsiya - bu maqsadga erishish uchun ichki va tashqi omillar orqali kishining harakatga kelishi. Bu insonning o‘z istaklari, ehtiyojlari va maqsadlariga erishish uchun energiya va kuch beruvchi jarayon.

Ílimiy maqalada jaslar tárbiyasında xalıq pedagogikası dereklerinenpaydalanıwdıń pedagogikalıq áhmiyeti, xalıq pedagogikası dereklerinen paydalanıw múmkinshilikleri sonday-aq jolları, usılları sóz etiledi.

Ushbu maqola temperamentning asosiy turlari, ularning xususiyatlari va inson shaxsiyati bilan bog‘liq o‘rni haqida so‘z yuritadi. Temperament — insonning tug‘ma hissiy va psixologik xususiyatlari bo‘lib, ijtimoiy munosabatlar, faoliyat va hissiy reaktsiyalarni shakllantiradi. Maqolada to‘rt asosiy temperament turi: sangvinik, xolerik, flegmatik va melankolik keltirilgan va har bir turga xos xususiyatlar va afzalliklar muhokama qilinadi. Shuningdek, temperamentni tushunish va anglashning shaxsiy rivojlanishdagi ahamiyati ta'kidlanadi.

Ushbu maqolada yangi oʻzlashma soʻzlarning talaffuzi va imlosiga oid ayrim mulohazalar bayon etilgan. Oʻzlashma soʻzlar imlosi va talaffuzi oʻrtasidagi muvofiqlik va nomuvofiqliklar tahlil qilingan. Shuningdek, oʻzlashma soʻzlarning toʻg‘ri talaffuzi va imlosini aniqlashga oid tavsiyalar berilgan.