Ushbu maqolada rivojlangan davlatlar moliyaviy nazorati tizimining shakllanishi, tashkiliy-huquqiy asoslari va samarali faoliyat yuritish mexanizmlari tahlil qilingan. Xususan, AQSh, Germaniya, Buyuk Britaniya va Yaponiya misolida davlat moliyaviy nazoratining institutsional modeli, mustaqil audit organlarining vakolatlari hamda parlament oldida hisobdorlik tizimi o‘rganilgan. Tadqiqot natijalari shuni ko‘rsatadiki, rivojlangan mamlakatlarda moliyaviy nazorat tizimining asosiy ustunliklari shaffoflik, mustaqillik va jamoatchilik ishtirokiga asoslangan. Ushbu tajribalar O‘zbekiston moliyaviy nazorat tizimini modernizatsiya qilishda, xususan, davlat byudjeti ustidan parlament va jamoatchilik nazoratini kuchaytirishda, xalqaro standartlarni keng tatbiq etishda muhim ahamiyat kasb etadi.

The article analyzes the artistic arts used in the epics "Layli and Majnun" by the great Turkish artists Alisher Navoi and Muhammad Fuzuli, the skills of the artists are described through examples, and personal opinions are expressed.

Termiz V–VII asrlarda. Shahar joylashgan o’rni va tuzilishi haqida Xitoy manbalari. Termiz arablar istilosi davrida. Chag’oniyon (Sag’oniyon-Budrach). Somoniy­lar davrida Termiz, rejalashtirish, asosiy qurilishlar. Arab mualliflari ma’lumotlari. Termiz G’aznaviylar, Qoraxoniylar va Saljuqiylar davrida. Shahar tuzilishi va uning mavzelari, zamonaviy yirik shaharga aylanishi. Termiz mo’g’ullar istilosidan so’ng, shahar hududining o’zgarishi. Temuriylar davri tarixiy manbalarida Termiz shahri, uning vazifasi va qurilishi tarixi. Termiz so’nggi o’rta asrlar davrida.

Classical literature includes many lyrical genres and poetic art. Some of the existing forms of poetry arose as a result of literary connections, while some were formed as genres by great writers. The article provides information about the genres of farz, kiyo, rubai, tuyuk, which are widely used in Eastern literature. The article also examines the role of these genres in the work of Hazrat Alisher Navoi, as well as the poetic skill of the great poet. Some of the poet's works in the genres of farz, qita, rubai, tuyuk are brought into the field of analysis and generalization.

Malabsorption syndrome is a multifactorial clinical condition characterized by impaired digestion and absorption of nutrients in the small intestine. The disorder may arise from congenital enzyme deficiencies, chronic inflammatory diseases, pancreatic and hepatobiliary dysfunction, infectious agents, or structural intestinal abnormalities. Pathomorphological changes, such as villous atrophy, crypt hyperplasia, and inflammatory infiltration of the mucosa, are central to its development and progression. Clinically, malabsorption presents with both gastrointestinal symptoms, including chronic diarrhea, abdominal discomfort, and steatorrhea, as well as systemic manifestations such as anemia, bone demineralization, growth retardation, and neurological deficits. Diagnosis requires an integrated approach, combining biochemical, radiological, endoscopic, and histopathological evaluations.