Information security and cybersecurity are related but distinct concepts in protecting data. Information security focuses broadly on safeguarding information in any form (digital, physical, or intellectual) by ensuring its confidentiality, integrity, and availability. Cybersecurity specifically concerns the protection of computer systems, networks, and online data from cyber threats. This paper compares these fields in detail, providing definitions, key differences, and practical examples. Diagrams and tables illustrate how each discipline is applied in real-world scenarios. Understanding the difference helps organizations allocate resources appropriately and build effective security strategies.

Ushbu tаdqiqоtning mаqsаdi advokatura institutining huquqiy maqomi va faoliyatining asosiy tamoyillari, O‘zbekiston Respublikasi Adliya vazirligi va advokatura o‘rtasidagi huquqiy munosabatlarni takomillashtirish masalalari, Adliya vazirligi va advokatura o‘rtasidagi huquqiy munosabatlarni takomillashtirish yo‘llari, amaldagi qonunchilikdagi muammolar va ularni bartaraf qilish, xorij tajribasi asosida advokatura va adliya organlari o‘rtasidagi munosabatlarni optimallashtirish bilаn bоg‘liq muаmmоlаrga yechim topishdan ibоrаt. Muаmmоni nаzаriy tеkshirish O‘zbekiston Respublikasi Adliya vazirligi va advokatura instituti o‘rtasidagi huquqiy munosabatlarni takomillashtirish masalalari, advokaturaning mustaqilligiga to‘siq bo‘layotgan muammolarni aniqlash vа tаhlil qilish, ular o‘rtasidagi huquqiy munosabatlarni takomillashtirish bо‘yichа ilmiy аsоslаngаn vа muhim аmаliy аhаmiyаt kаsb еtuvchi tаkliflаr ishlаb chiqish. Mаqоlаdа ushbu sоhаdаgi mаvjud huquqiy bо‘shliqlаrni аniqlаb, ulаrni bаrtаrаf etishning zаmоnаviy, innоvаtsiоn vа xаlqаrо tаjribаgа аsоslаngаn yоndаshuvlаrini ilgаri surаdi.

Penetration testing (or “pen testing”) is a proactive security technique used to evaluate the defenses of computer systems, networks, and applications by simulating attacks. This article provides a comprehensive overview of penetration testing, covering its phases, methodologies, tools, and ethical/legal considerations. We describe key steps such as planning, reconnaissance, exploitation, and reporting, and discuss different approaches (external, internal, blind, etc.). Common tools (e.g. Nmap, Metasploit, Burp Suite) are reviewed. Ethical issues such as obtaining authorization and complying with laws (e.g. avoiding unauthorized access) are highlighted. Practical examples and diagrams illustrate how penetration tests are conducted in real-world scenarios.

Bu maqolada hozirgi kunda hamma foydalanayotgan internet tarmog’idagi foydali hamda zarali bo’lgan ma’lumotlar, ularning hayotimizga ayniqsa, sog’lig’imizga qanchalik zarar yetkazishi haqida yoritib beriladi.

Maqolada dinning Eron Islom Respublikasining tashqi siyosat strategiyalarida asosiy omil sifatidagi roli ko‘rib chiqiladi, din uning tashqi aloqalarini shakllantirishda asosiy vosita sifatida qanday ishlashi tahlil qilinadi. U Eronning geosiyosiy manfaatlarini, xususan, uning inqilobiy ta’limoti doirasida ta’minlash uchun diniy tamoyillardan foydalanishning mafkuraviy va amaliy mexanizmlarini o‘rganadi.