Ushbu fan bosh sohasining murakkab anatomik tuzilishi, topografik munosabatlari hamda operativ jarrohlik tamoyillarini o‘rganishga qaratilgan. Fan doirasida boshning yumshoq to‘qimalari, suyak tuzilmalari, qon va limfa tomir tizimi, asab tolalari va funksional ahamiyatga ega bo‘lgan tuzilmalar batafsil tahlil qilinadi.Topografik anatomiya bosh sohasining turli qismlarida joylashgan tuzilmalarning o‘zaro munosabatlarini, patologik jarayonlarning tarqalish yo‘nalishlarini hamda jarrohlik amaliyoti uchun zarur bo‘lgan aniq anatomik yo‘nalishlarni belgilashga yordam beradi.Operativ xirurgiya esa bosh sohasida amalga oshiriladigan turli jarrohlik muolajalarini, ularning bajarilish texnikasini, minimal invaziv usullar va zamonaviy jarrohlik yondashuvlarini o‘rganadi. Shu bilan birga, operativ aralashuvlar vaqtida yuzaga kelishi mumkin bo‘lgan asoratlar va ularni oldini olish usullari ham ko‘rib chiqiladi.Fan tibbiyotning neyroxirurgiya, plastik va rekonstruktiv jarrohlik, travmatologiya va stomatologiya kabi yo‘nalishlari bilan uzviy bog‘liq bo‘lib, talabalarga, shifokorlarga va tadqiqotchilarga amaliyotda muhim bo‘lgan chuqur bilimlar beradi.

Ushbu maqolada ingliz va o‘zbek tillarida statusni anglatuvchi murojaat birliklarining nutqiy vaziyatda tasniflanishini ko’rishingiz mumkin.

Mazkur maqolada giyohvandlikka chalingan shaxslarning psixologik hamda emotsional holati, kognitiv funksiyalari va ijtimoiy xulq-atvoridagi o‘zgarishlar psixologik va klinik nuqtai nazardan tahlil etilgan.

The article analyzes the transformation of Iran’s foreign policy strategy from the Islamic Revolution of 1979 to the early decades of the twenty-first century. Particular focus is placed on how domestic reforms, constitutional changes, and shifting geopolitical conditions shaped Tehran’s external orientation. The study highlights the central role of the Supreme Leader, whose broad constitutional powers allow him to define national priorities, supervise their implementation, and intervene directly in political institutions. It further examines the contributions of the President, the Parliament (Majles), the Foreign Ministry, and constitutional councils to policy formulation. The paper traces key stages of Iranian diplomacy under Rafsanjani’s pragmatic reconstruction, Khatami’s “Dialogue Among Civilizations,” Ahmadinejad’s confrontational justice-centered approach, and Rouhani’s moderate, economically oriented strategy culminating in the JCPOA. Overall, the research demonstrates how Iran’s foreign policy continuously balances ideology and pragmatism to strengthen national interests and ensure regional leadership.

Mazkur maqolada o‘zbek milliy musiqasining shakllanish jarayoni, uning tarixiy ildizlari va bugungi kunda zamonaviy san’at talablari asosida qayta talqin qilinishi masalalari tahlil qilinadi. Global madaniy jarayonlar ta’sirida milliy musiqaning o‘zgarish xususiyatlari, an’anaviy kuy-qo‘shiqlarning estrada, simfonik va elektron musiqaga uyg‘unlashtirilishi o‘rganiladi. Shuningdek, milliy musiqaning yosh avlod ongida tarbiyaviy ahamiyati va uning madaniy identitetni shakllantirishdagi o‘rni ilmiy nuqtai nazardan yoritiladi.