This paper explores the effectiveness and safety of anesthetic support methods used in pediatric outpatient surgery. Outpatient procedures in children require careful anesthetic planning due to their unique physiological and psychological characteristics. The paper examines various anesthetic techniques including general, regional, and local anesthesia with sedation, highlighting their applications, benefits, and limitations. It also discusses essential safety measures such as preoperative assessment, intraoperative monitoring, and postoperative care. Special attention is given to recent advancements in pediatric anesthesia, such as short-acting drugs, improved monitoring systems, and multimodal analgesia. The findings emphasize the importance of a multidisciplinary approach involving trained specialists, child-centered protocols, and evidence-based practices to ensure successful and safe surgical outcomes.

Mazkur ishda Shashmaqom tizimining musiqiy tuzilishi, uning asosiy qismlari, lad-tonal tizimi va kompozitsion qurilishi chuqur tahlil qilinadi. Shuningdek, Shashmaqomning estetik asoslari, ya’ni ohang, ritm, poetik mazmun va ijro uslubining o‘zaro uyg‘unligi orqali yaratilgan go‘zallik mezonlari yoritiladi. Tadqiqotda Shashmaqomning o‘ziga xosligi, milliy musiqiy tafakkurdagi o‘rni hamda madaniy meros sifatidagi qadriyati nazariy va amaliy jihatdan asoslab beriladi. Shashmaqomning badiiy-estetik ta’siri uning ijro an’analari, tinglovchi bilan muloqoti va musiqiy obrazlar yaratish vositalari orqali ochib beriladi.

International criminal proceedings have been consistently criticized due to the lack of an international legislative system, mandatory competent courts, and organized enforcement mechanisms. These factors are essential for establishing a comprehensive and credible legal framework. These shortcomings were particularly evident during the Nuremberg and Tokyo trials, where reliance on the concept of "justice" could not fill the void left by the absence of "legality." The criticisms raised during and after these trials highlighted the importance of the principles of legality of crimes and punishments within international criminal law. Although the process of accepting and establishing these principles has been slow, it has progressed steadily. A historical examination of international criminal proceedings—from the Leipzig High Court in the early 20th century, the Nuremberg and Tokyo trials in the mid-century, the International Criminal Tribunals for the former Yugoslavia and Rwanda in the 1990s, and ad hoc tribunals like the Special Court for Sierra Leone to the International Criminal Court (ICC) at the beginning of the 21st century—demonstrates a profound and gradual evolution in the acceptance and implementation of the principles of legality of crimes and punishments. This process began with denial and initial indifference to these principles and ultimately reached a point where adherence to them was explicitly stated as a legal necessity. This evolution reflects the continuous efforts of the international community to strengthen the legal foundations of international criminal proceedings and ensure the rights of the accused.

В текущей статье анализируются вопросы определения содержания норм зарубежного семейного права в Республике Узбекистан.

Ushbu maqolada ilk sak-massaget ko‘chmanchi xalqlari tarixining tarixshunoslikda yoritilishi tizimli tarzda tahlil etiladi. Asosiy e’tibor qadimgi yunon-rim mualliflari - Gerodot, Strabon, Kvint Kursiy Ruf,Arrian, Diodor,Efor kabi mualliflarining asarlarida sak va massagetlar to‘g‘risida berilgan ma’lumotlarga qaratiladi. Ularning yozma asarlarida ushbu ko‘chmanchi xalqlarning harbiy-siyosiy tuzilmasi, urf-odatlari, diniy qarashlari va boshqa xalqlar bilan bo‘lgan munosabatlari qanday aks ettirilgani ko‘rib chiqiladi. Shu bilan birga, rus tarixchi va sharqshunos olimlari -V.V. Bartold, S.P.Tolstov, A.I. Terenojkin, B.A.Litvinskiy, K.A.Akishev kabi olimlarning tadqiqotlari asosida sak-massagetlar tarixini o‘rganishga zamonaviy ilmiy yondashuvlar tahlil qilinadi