This article studies the lexical-semantic properties of units expressing the mental state of a person in the Uzbek language. The semantic analysis of these units, their use in context and their role in the speech structure are studied. The methods of lexical-semantic analysis, component analysis, contextual analysis and comparison were used in the research. The results show that units expressing the mental state in the Uzbek language have their own semantic changes in different contexts, which play an important role in increasing the expressiveness of speech. The role of these units in modern speech and literary language is also considered.

This article explores the fundamental principles of thermal power generation, focusing on core components and functions in thermal power plants. It covers thermodynamics, the Rankine cycle, and heat transmission rules, with detailed examination of Rankine cycles and heat transfer mechanisms in plant components. It also discusses internal combustion engines, particularly diesel engines, and Advanced Exergy-Based Analyses in system analysis. These analyses aim to identify preventable exergy destruction sources and costs within components, with ongoing development addressing issues like validating exergy dissipation divisions. Synthesis methodologies include superstructure-based and superstructure-free approaches. The former uses a steam network to create a steam-cycle superstructure, integrating with a heat exchanger network for comprehensive flowsheets. The latter employs SYNTHSEP and ECH-based methods, with the ECH-based method excelling in comprehensive flowsheet synthesis and offering easy expansion with precise models. Both methods use bi-level decomposition techniques combining evolutionary algorithms and mathematical programming.

Mazkur maqolada islom dinida tabiat va atrof-muhitga bo‘lgan munosabatning Qur’oni karim asosidagi tahlili yoritiladi. Qur’oni karim oyatlari asosida insonning tabiat oldidagi mas’uliyati, ekologik muvozanatni saqlash borasidagi ilohiy ko‘rsatmalar, isrofgarchilik va ifloslantirishdan tiyilish kabi tamoyillar ilmiy asosda yoritiladi.

Mazkur maqolada astronomiyaga oid matnlarni ingliz tilidan o‘zbek tiliga va aksincha tarjima qilishda uchraydigan asosiy muammolar tahlil qilinadi. Tarjima jarayonida yuzaga keladigan lingvistik, terminologik va madaniy tafovutlar, shuningdek, ilmiy atamalarning to‘g‘ri ekvivalentlarini topishdagi qiyinchiliklar yoritilgan. Shuningdek, maqolada tarjima jarayonida qo‘llanilishi mumkin bo‘lgan samarali strategiyalar, xususan, kontekstual tahlil, atamalar bazasi yaratish va tarjimonning ixtisoslashuvi muhim omil sifatida ko‘rsatib o‘tiladi. Tadqiqotda inglizcha va o‘zbekcha astronomik matnlar tahlil qilinib, amaliy misollar orqali muammolar va ularning yechimlari ko‘rsatib berilgan.

Ushbu maqolada o‘quvchilarda yozma nutq ko‘nikmalarini shakllantirish metodikasi va samarali usullari ko‘rib chiqilgan. Yozma nutq o‘quvchilarning fikrlarini yozma shaklda aniq va ravon ifodalash imkoniyatini yaratadi. Maqolada yozma nutqni rivojlantirishning zamonaviy pedagogik yondashuvlari, metodologik asoslari va o‘quv jarayonida qo‘llaniladigan usullar tahlil qilingan. Shuningdek, yozma nutq ko‘nikmasini baholash mezonlari va o‘quvchilarning yozma ishlari sifatini yaxshilash yo‘llari haqida ilmiy ma’lumotlar berilgan. Tadqiqotda ikki xil jadval yordamida o‘quvchilarning yozma nutq darajasi o‘rganilib, samarali metodlarning ta’siri ko‘rsatildi. Tadqiqot natijalari pedagoglarga amaliy tavsiyalar berishga qaratilgan.