Mazkur maqolada sport menejmenti sohasida gender tengligi masalalari tahlil qilinadi. Unda ayollarning sport boshqaruvidagi ishtiroki, mavjud to‘siqlar, ilg‘or tajribalar va gender tengligini ta’minlash bo‘yicha takliflar keltirilgan. Maqola sport tizimidagi adolatli va inklyuziv boshqaruvga erishish yo‘llarini ko‘rsatishga qaratilgan.

The automatization of the heart is its fundamental ability to independently generate electrical impulses that initiate heart contractions, without external stimulation from the nervous system. This review is devoted to a comprehensive review of this phenomenon. The main driver of the rhythm is normally the sinoatrial (CA) node, whose cells have unique electrophysiological properties, in particular, the ability to slow spontaneous diastolic depolarization (phase 4 of the action potential). This process is based on the complex dynamics of ion currents, including the "funny" current (If), calcium currents (ICa,T, ICa,L) and potassium currents (IK). The review examines in detail the ionic mechanisms of pacemaker activity, the hierarchy of pacemakers (CA node, atrioventricular node, Gis-Purkinje system) and the phenomenon of suppression of the underlying centers of automatism (overdrive suppression). The mechanisms of regulation of heart rate by the autonomic nervous system (sympathetic and parasympathetic), humoral factors (adrenaline, thyroid hormones) and other influences (temperature, ion balance, hypoxia) are highlighted. The clinical significance of automation is discussed, including pathological conditions such as CA node dysfunction (sinus node weakness syndrome), ectopic foci of automatism, atrial and ventricular arrhythmias associated with abnormal automation, as well as approaches to their diagnosis (ECG) and treatment (antiarrhythmic drugs, artificial pacemakers). In conclusion, modern research directions in this field are considered, including the study of the genetic basis of automatism disorders and the development of biological rhythm drivers.

Epiteliy to‘qimalari inson organizmidagi eng muhim to‘qimalardan biri bo‘lib, ularning turli xil shakl va funksiyalari tana tuzilishi va faoliyatini boshqarishda asosiy rol o‘ynaydi. Ushbu maqolada epiteliy to‘qimalarining turlari, tuzilishi, joylashuvi va funksional farqlari batafsil tahlil qilinadi. Epiteliy to‘qimalarining har bir turi o‘ziga xos vazifalarni bajarib, kasalliklar paytida yuzaga keladigan patologik o‘zgarishlarni tushunishda muhim ahamiyatga ega. Maqolada shuningdek, epiteliy to‘qimalarining klinik ahamiyati va regeneratsiya salohiyati haqida ham so‘z boradi.

Ushbu maqolada Vatanimiz ijtimoiy hayotidagi o‘zgarishlar, yangilanishlar qatorida O‘zbekiston hududidagi muzeylar faoliyatidagi yangi davr haqida ma’lumot beradi.

Antibiotic resistance in pneumonia is an escalating global health concern that undermines the effectiveness of current treatments and increases morbidity and mortality rates. This paper reviews the key mechanisms by which bacteria develop resistance to commonly used antibiotics, including enzymatic drug degradation, target site modification, and efflux pumps. The impact of resistant pathogens on clinical outcomes, treatment strategies, and healthcare systems is discussed. Emphasis is placed on the importance of antibiotic stewardship programs, vaccination, and rapid diagnostic techniques in managing resistant infections. The review also highlights ongoing research into novel therapeutics and the need for coordinated global efforts to mitigate antibiotic resistance. Effective management of antibiotic resistance in pneumonia is critical for improving patient outcomes and safeguarding public health.