Ushbu maqolada ilk sak-massaget ko‘chmanchi xalqlari tarixining tarixshunoslikda yoritilishi tizimli tarzda tahlil etiladi. Asosiy e’tibor qadimgi yunon-rim mualliflari - Gerodot, Strabon, Kvint Kursiy Ruf,Arrian, Diodor,Efor kabi mualliflarining asarlarida sak va massagetlar to‘g‘risida berilgan ma’lumotlarga qaratiladi. Ularning yozma asarlarida ushbu ko‘chmanchi xalqlarning harbiy-siyosiy tuzilmasi, urf-odatlari, diniy qarashlari va boshqa xalqlar bilan bo‘lgan munosabatlari qanday aks ettirilgani ko‘rib chiqiladi. Shu bilan birga, rus tarixchi va sharqshunos olimlari -V.V. Bartold, S.P.Tolstov, A.I. Terenojkin, B.A.Litvinskiy, K.A.Akishev kabi olimlarning tadqiqotlari asosida sak-massagetlar tarixini o‘rganishga zamonaviy ilmiy yondashuvlar tahlil qilinadi

Bugungi kunda sportning dolzarbligi jismoniy, ijtimoiy, iqtisodiy va psixologik sohalarda katta ahamiyatga ega. Sport nafaqat salomatlikni yaxshilash va jismoniy faollikni oshirish vositasi sifatida, balki jamiyatdagi ijtimoiy aloqalarni rivojlantirish, global miqyosda birlashish, iqtisodiy rivojlanish va yoshlarni tarbiyalashda ham muhim rol o‘ynaydi. Ushbu maqola sportning dolzarbligini har tomonlama tahlil qiladi. Uning ahamiyati jismoniy salomatlik, ruhiy farovonlik, ijtimoiy barqarorlik va iqtisodiy rivojlanish bilan bog‘liq jihatlar orqali o‘rganiladi. Sportning yoshlar tarbiyasidagi roli, gender tengligi masalalari, hamda sportda texnologiyalarning ta’siri ham yoritiladi. Maqolada sportning psixologik foydalari, homiylik va reklama orqali iqtisodiy imkoniyatlar va raqamli texnologiyalarning sport sohasidagi o‘rni ham alohida ko‘rib chiqiladi. Sportning global miqyosdagi ahamiyati va diplomatiya sohasidagi roli ham muhokama qilinadi.

In international documents, various definitions of torture have been presented, with the most comprehensive and reasonable being the definition provided in the Convention Against Torture of 1984. Article 1 of this Convention states that, for the purposes of the Convention, the term "torture" refers to any intentional act that causes severe physical or mental pain or suffering to a person, for the purpose of obtaining information or confessions from him or a third person. It also encompasses punishing a person for an act that he or a third person has committed or is suspected of committing, or threatening or coercing him or a third person. Punishment based on any form of discrimination is also considered torture. However, the same article adds that pain and suffering resulting from the inherent or incidental characteristics of lawful penalties are excluded from this definition. Among the international guarantees against torture in the international legal system are the Convention Against Torture of 1984, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, the Geneva Conventions, the Statute of the International Criminal Court, the European Convention on Human Rights, the American Convention on Human Rights, and the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights. Establishing the position of the prohibition of torture in the international legal system as one of the absolute principles contributes to preventing violations of the prohibition of torture, upholding human rights, and ensuring fair trials within the judicial process.

In order to effectively combat various forms of transnational and international crimes, the global community has intensified judicial cooperation and mutual legal assistance at the international level. One of the most significant forms of such cooperation is the extradition of offenders, which is carried out based on bilateral or multilateral agreements or in accordance with regional and international conventions. Linguistically, extradition refers to the act of reclaiming, requesting the return, or sending back an individual. In legal terminology, it encompasses a series of measures undertaken to return a criminal from the country of residence to the country where the crime was committed. As crime rates increase, offenders attempt to evade punishment by fleeing abroad, seeking refuge in another country to escape prosecution for their crimes. The practice of extradition has a long historical precedent, evident across various periods, including ancient, medieval, and modern times. The issue of extradition is governed by specific rules and regulations, encompassing legal principles, procedural mechanisms, and associated challenges.

Ushbu maqola jismoniy tarbiyaning bolalar sog'lig'iga ta'sirini keng tahlil qiladi. Maqolada bolalar organizmining sog'lom rivojlanishida jismoniy faollikning ahamiyati, uning jismoniy, psixologik va ijtimoiy ta'sirlari ko'rib chiqiladi. Jismoniy tarbiya bolalar uchun nafaqat jismoniy salomatlikni mustahkamlash, balki ruhiy barqarorlik, ijtimoiy ko'nikmalarni rivojlantirish va muvozanatli o'sishni ta'minlashda ham muhim rol o'ynaydi. Muntazam jismoniy mashqlar bolalarning immunitetini kuchaytirish, kasalliklardan himoyalash, o'ziga bo'lgan ishonchni oshirish va ijtimoiy o'zaro aloqalarni yaxshilashga yordam beradi. Shuningdek, jismoniy tarbiya orqali bolalar sog'lom turmush tarzini shakllantirish, stressni kamaytirish va o'qishdagi muvaffaqiyatlarni oshirish imkoniyatiga ega bo'lishadi.