Hozirgi vaqtda ion implantatsiya usuli materiallarning sirt xususiyatlarini maqsadli o'zgartirishning keng qo'llaniladigan usullaridan biridir. Ion implantatsiyasini qo'llashning asosiy sohasi yarimo'tkazgich kristallariga aralashmalarni kiritishdir. Ushbu maqolada Kremniy kristallini Bor bilan implantatsiya qilgandan keyingi strukturasining eksperimental tadqiqotlari natijalari keltirilgan. Yorug`likning kombinatsion sochilishi usulining yarimo'tkazgich kristallarining sirt tuzilishidagi buzilishlarga yuqori sezgirligi ko'rsatilgan. Spektrometr yurug`likning kombinatsion sochilish spektroskopik metodi yoki Romanov spektroskopiyasiga asoslangan.

The teaching of speech acts in the English language, especially as a second or foreign language (ESL/EFL), must employ a manner that is thoroughly systematic, well-grounded theoretically and innovative if the situation is to guarantee the learners' effective acquisition of communicative competence. The aim was, among other objectives, to create didactic systems and to design instructional materials that might improve students' abilities, directly or indirectly, to know and then apply in practice these pragmatic rules. Drawing from Speech Act Theory, Politeness Theory, and Task-Based Language Teaching (TBLT), the present study's intent was to evaluate methods which could serve as interactive, authentic, and culture-sensitive resources for pedagogical implementation in support of pragmatic competence. Data sources comprised classroom observations, role-plays, case studies, and reflective analyses. From the study, it has been learned that the integration of multimedia resources, real-life scenarios, and collaborative tasks strongly enhanced learners' competences in enacting acts of conversational cooperation: invitations, refusals, and requests. The study concludes with practical suggestions on didactic designs meant to direct the course of learners with respect to pragmalinguistic fluency and socialversible creativity.

This article discusses the tasks of moral education of preschool children and the views and opinions of Eastern thinkers in this area.

This paper examines the main characteristics of intrapersonal communication, which refers to the internal dialogue a person has with themselves. It involves processes such as thinking, analyzing emotions, self-evaluation, and decision-making. The study highlights the significant role of intrapersonal communication in shaping human behavior, self-awareness, and emotional intelligence. It also explores how this form of communication contributes to problem-solving, goal-setting, and self-motivation. Based on psychological perspectives, the paper emphasizes that intrapersonal communication serves as a vital foundation for effective interpersonal relationships and overall mental well-being.

Empathy is not only a vital emotion in interpersonal relationships, but also a core component of social consciousness, culture, and interpersonal intelligence. The student age is a particularly active period for the development of this ability. A pressing issue today is the low level of empathy among students and the need to develop effective psychological approaches to enhance it.