This paper explores the pathophysiological basis of metabolic disturbances in diabetes mellitus, a chronic disorder characterized by impaired insulin secretion and action. It examines the complex mechanisms underlying hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and altered metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins. The study highlights how these metabolic imbalances contribute to the development of diabetic complications such as neuropathy, nephropathy, and cardiovascular diseases. Understanding these fundamental processes is essential for advancing treatment strategies and improving patient outcomes. The paper also discusses current therapeutic approaches aimed at restoring metabolic balance and preventing long-term damage.

In this article, the main terms encountered in the scientific pedagogical activity of the future physical training teacher, the correct organization of pedagogical activity, the future of physical training teachers in the course of scientific pedagogical activity aspects to be considered and what approach is needed, as well as the organization of innovative and technological activities of the future physical education teacher.

В данной статье подробно описан анализ данных, полученных при изучении структуры тренировки и физической подготовки шпажистов на этапе начальной подготовки.

Ushbu maqola 15–17 yoshdagi badmintonchilarning tezkorlik va kuch sifatlarini rivojlantirishga qaratilgan ilmiy-tadqiqot natijalarini o‘z ichiga oladi. Tadqiqotda maxsus mashg‘ulotlar tizimi tajriba va nazorat guruhlari o‘rtasida taqqoslash metodikasi asosida sinovdan o‘tkazildi. Tajriba guruhida 8 hafta davomida tezkorlik va mushak kuchi ko‘rsatkichlarini oshirishga yo‘naltirilgan mashg‘ulotlar olib borildi. Natijada sportchilarning harakat faoliyati, reaksiya tezligi va jismoniy holati sezilarli darajada yaxshilandi (p<0,001). Taklif etilgan metodika o‘smir badmintonchilarning tayyorgarligini yangi darajaga ko‘tarishda samaradorligini isbotladi va matematik-statistik tahlil orqali baholandi.

This scientific paper explores the fundamental pathophysiological mechanisms underlying heart failure. The study provides a comprehensive analysis of how structural and functional changes in the heart contribute to impaired cardiac output and systemic complications. The paper examines key processes such as hemodynamic alterations, neurohormonal activation, ventricular remodeling, inflammation, and cellular energy deficiency. Particular emphasis is placed on the progression of heart failure from compensatory adaptations to maladaptive responses, leading to chronic dysfunction. Furthermore, the discussion highlights the systemic nature of the disease, affecting organs beyond the cardiovascular system, including the kidneys, liver, and brain. By focusing on both molecular and clinical aspects, the paper aims to enhance the understanding of heart failure as a multi-faceted syndrome. This deeper understanding supports the development of more targeted and effective therapeutic strategies. The content is intended for students, researchers, and medical professionals interested in the mechanisms and management of heart failure.