This article explores methods for developing physical qualities, particularly speed and strength, in 12-14-year-old boys through Taekwondo training. Based on scientific research and practical experience, it presents specialized exercises and recommended training programs for this age group, aimed at enhancing athletic performance.

This article studies the lexical-semantic properties of units expressing the mental state of a person in the Uzbek language. The semantic analysis of these units, their use in context and their role in the speech structure are studied. The methods of lexical-semantic analysis, component analysis, contextual analysis and comparison were used in the research. The results show that units expressing the mental state in the Uzbek language have their own semantic changes in different contexts, which play an important role in increasing the expressiveness of speech. The role of these units in modern speech and literary language is also considered.

This study, using a sequential explanatory mixed design, comprehensively examined the prevalence, severity, and sources of English learning anxiety among Afghan male students learning English as a foreign language at Paktika Institute of Higher Education. In the quantitative part of the study, data were collected from 87 valid respondents using the Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale (FLCAS). Descriptive analyses revealed that 69% of the students experienced moderate anxiety and 21.8% experienced high anxiety. Among the various factors, fear of negative evaluation and fear of communication were identified as the most prominent concerns and sources of anxiety. In the qualitative phase, data were collected through purposeful semi-structured interviews with 12 participants and analyzed using thematic analysis. The analysis revealed five main themes, which were: fear of negative evaluation, fear of communication, limitations in English exposure and practice, the influence of teacher and peer behavior, and anxiety related to tests and performance. Participants detailed how classroom dynamics, the lack of appropriate environments for using English outside the classroom, and high-risk and stressful assessments contributed to their increased anxiety levels. The findings of this study emphasize the multifaceted and context-dependent nature of language anxiety and show that language learning anxiety among Afghan learners is influenced by multiple cultural, environmental, and educational factors. They also highlight the urgent need to adopt supportive teaching approaches, provide more opportunities for language practice in real-world and informal settings, and train teachers to better manage students’ anxiety.

Ushbu maqolada Abu Tohirxo'janing "Samariya" asarida keltirilgan gidronimlar lingvistik va etimologik jihatdan tahlil qilingan. Asarda keltirilgan sakkizta asosiy suv obyekti nomlari tarixiy va zamonaviy manbalarga tayanib o'rganilgan. Tadqiqot natijasida gidronimlarning kelib chiqishi, ma'no xususiyatlari va hozirgi kundagi ahamiyati aniqlangan.

Mazkur maqolada islom dinida tabiat va atrof-muhitga bo‘lgan munosabatning Qur’oni karim asosidagi tahlili yoritiladi. Qur’oni karim oyatlari asosida insonning tabiat oldidagi mas’uliyati, ekologik muvozanatni saqlash borasidagi ilohiy ko‘rsatmalar, isrofgarchilik va ifloslantirishdan tiyilish kabi tamoyillar ilmiy asosda yoritiladi.