Ushbu maqolada iboralarning oʻziga xos xususiyatlari va tarjima jarayonidagi muammolar haqida bahs ketadi. Iboralarni bir tildan boshqa tilga soʻzma-soʻz tarjima qilib boʻlmasligi, ularning tarjima qilinayotgan tildagi muqobili keltirilishi haqida soʻz boradi.

Language acquisition is a fundamental aspect of human development and has been the subject of extensive study across multiple disciplines, including linguistics, cognitive science, psychology, and education. Understanding how individuals acquire language, whether their first language (L1) or a second/foreign language (L2), is crucial for the development of effective teaching methodologies and learning environments. This paper provides an in-depth examination of the primary theories that attempt to explain the process of language acquisition. The Behaviorist Theory, pioneered by B.F. Skinner, emphasizes imitation, reinforcement, and habit formation. In contrast, the Nativist Theory, led by Noam Chomsky, argues for an innate, biological capacity for language learning, proposing the existence of a “language acquisition device” (LAD). The Cognitive Theory, influenced by Jean Piaget, highlights the role of mental processes and developmental stages in language learning, while the Social Interactionist Theory, associated with Lev Vygotsky, stresses the importance of social context and interaction in the acquisition of language.

Mazkur maqolada O‘zbekiston Respublikasida temir yo‘l transporti infratuzilmasini modernizatsiyalash jarayonini samarali boshqarish masalalari chuqur tahlil qilingan. Respublikada transport-kommunikatsiya tarmoqlarini rivojlantirish bo‘yicha olib borilayotgan islohotlar kontekstida temir yo‘l infratuzilmasining ahamiyati, u orqali iqtisodiy o‘sish, hududlararo integratsiya, eksport-import salohiyatini kengaytirish va logistika tizimini takomillashtirish imkoniyatlari yoritilgan. Maqolada temir yo‘l tizimidagi mavjud infratuzilmaning holati, eskirgan texnika va texnologiyalar, tashish jarayonlaridagi logistik to‘siqlar, hamda moliyalashtirish mexanizmlaridagi muammolar tahlil etilgan. Shuningdek, zamonaviy boshqaruv texnologiyalarini joriy qilish, avtomatlashtirilgan nazorat tizimlarini kengaytirish, raqamli transformatsiya va xorijiy ilg‘or tajribalarni milliy sharoitga moslashtirish bo‘yicha takliflar ilgari surilgan. Muallif tomonidan, temir yo‘l infratuzilmasini modernizatsiyalash bo‘yicha milliy strategiyani ishlab chiqish, davlat-xususiy sheriklik asosidagi loyihalarni faollashtirish, logistika markazlarini tashkil etish va tranzit imkoniyatlarini kengaytirish kabi strategik yo‘nalishlar asosida taklif va tavsiyalar ishlab chiqilgan. Bunda har bir taklifning iqtisodiy samaradorligi, investitsiyaviy jozibadorligi va uzoq muddatli ijtimoiy-iqtisodiy natijalari asoslab berilgan.

This article analyzes the progression of industries with respect to technology and how it has both displaced and created new job opportunities. Moreover, it explains how AI and automation would go on to shape the future of humanity. As history has shown us, with every technological revolution, there arise new opportunities. However, unemployment arises as an outcome of non-competitive, low-skilled labor segments being automated. With the aid of current procedures combined with historical practices, it aids in the understanding of technology-induced wage imbalances and inequality. There are geospatial gaps, as well. Advanced economies come across retraining gaps, whereas underdeveloped economies face slow tech adoption issues. This article is a reminder regarding the educational policies that need to be tackled alongside skill development while suggesting radical changes to the construction of educational frameworks and stratified training methodologies. It will foster skill development concerning the enhancing job market. Incorporating these measures will help lessen the impact of the technology gap and promote smooth skill development for all ahus ensuring prosperity for all in the ever-agile work environment.

Ushbu maqolada interyer dizaynida milliy bezak elementlari va zamonaviy texnologik yondoshuvlarning uyg‘unlashuvi ilmiy asosda yoritilgan. Tadqiqotda o‘zbek milliy arxitekturasi unsurlari – ganch, o‘ymakorlik, naqshlar va keramika – zamonaviy dizayn yechimlari bilan qanday uyg‘unlashtirilishi ko‘rib chiqilgan. 3D modellashtirish, LED yoritish, BIM va VR texnologiyalarining milliylikni saqlagan holda interyerda qanday estetik va funksional imkoniyat yaratishi tahlil etilgan.