The article discusses the history and development of the management field. The importance of studying and analyzing the management field, especially the organizational-economic, social, cultural-educational significance of management in the field of management, has been studied and methodologically studied.

Ushbu maqolada azot to'plovchi bakteriya shtammlarining soya (Glycine max L.) o'simligi bilan simbiotik munosabatlari tadqiq etilgan. Turli bakterial shtammlarning soya o'simligida azot fiksatsiyasi samaradorligi, simbiotik munosabatlar shakllanish mexanizmlari, atrof-muhit omillarining ta'siri, shuningdek, biotexnologik yondashuvlar tahlil qilingan. Tadqiqot natijalariga ko'ra, samarali simbiotik munosabatlar hosildorlikni 20-30% ga oshirishi, tuproq unumdorligini yaxshilashi va mineral o'g'itlar sarfini kamaytirishi aniqlangan.

The determination of metal ions such as Cu²⁺ and Zn²⁺ in various samples is crucial for environmental monitoring, industrial quality control, and biomedical applications. This study explores the quantitative analysis of Cu²⁺ and Zn²⁺ ions using UV/Vis spectrophotometry, a rapid and reliable technique based on the absorption of light by metal-ligand complexes. Optimal conditions for the detection, including wavelength selection, reagent concentration, and pH, were investigated to enhance sensitivity and accuracy. Calibration curves were constructed to determine the linearity and detection limits for each ion. The method was applied to real samples, and results were validated against standard techniques. The findings demonstrate that UV/Vis spectrophotometry provides a cost-effective and efficient approach for Cu²⁺ and Zn²⁺ determination in various matrices.

Topishmoqlar xalq og‘zaki ijodining o‘ziga xos janri bo‘lib, ular xalqning madaniy, ijtimoiy va tarixiy merosini aks ettiradi. Bu janr til orqali yetkaziladigan obrazli ma’lumotlarga boy bo‘lib, til va madaniyat o‘rtasida chuqur bog‘liqlikni namoyon etadi. Ingliz va o‘zbek madaniyatlarida topishmoqlar uzoq tarixga ega bo‘lib, har birining til va madaniyatga xos o‘ziga xos xususiyatlari mavjud. Ushbu maqolada ingliz va o‘zbek topishmoqlarining lingvistik xususiyatlari o‘rganiladi, ularning umumiy tomonlari tahlil qilinadi va farqlari aniqlanadi.

Ushbu maqolada gonokokklarning patogenlik xususiyatlari, fermentlari va toksinlari haqida so‘z boradi. Gonokokk infektsiyasi bakterial antroponotik kasallik bo‘lib, asosan jinsiy aloqa orqali yuqadi va siydik va reproduktiv tizimlarga ta’sir qiladi. Gonoreya juda yuqumli va har qanday jinsiy aloqa orqali yuqishi mumkin. Ammo, tarqalishiga qaramay (trichomoniasis va xlamidiyadan keyin uchinchi eng keng tarqalgan STI), kasallik davolanadi va juda kamdan-kam hollarda o'limga olib keladi. Gonokokklar odamda siydik-tanosil yoʻllari (soʻzaklar) va koʻz (blennoreyatsya) shilliq qavatining yiringli kasalliklarini qoʻzgʻatadi. Maqolaning mohiyatida gonokokklarning oldini olish va davolash chora tadbirlari to‘g‘risida fikr mulohaza yurutiladi.