Bullying remains a significant issue in high schools, manifesting in two primary forms: face-to-face bullying and cyberbullying. While both types of bullying aim to harm, intimidate, or manipulate victims, they differ in methods, impact, and accessibility. Face-to-face bullying involves direct physical or verbal aggression in school settings, often leading to immediate emotional and physical distress. In contrast, cyberbullying utilizes digital platforms such as social media, messaging apps, and online forums, enabling perpetrators to remain anonymous and extend harassment beyond school hours. Cyberbullying's persistent nature and the difficulty of escaping its reach can intensify psychological effects on victims. Understanding these differences is crucial for developing targeted prevention and intervention strategies to create safer school environments.

The use of innovative methods in teaching English to primary school students makes the language learning process more effective and interesting. The use of new methods and technologies, the introduction of interactivity by the teacher into the lesson process and the active participation of students make the language learning process more effective. Innovative methods, such as games, multimedia tools, online resources and modern communication technologies, allow students to pass the lesson more lively and interactively. These methods help develop students' creativity, critical thinking and communication skills. At the same time, these methods create the opportunity to ensure an individual approach to teaching, taking into account the specific needs of each student. The use of innovative teaching methods, especially in primary school, increases motivation for language learning and increases students' interest in English.

With the advent of national independence in Uzbekistan, there has been a growing interest in studying the lives and contributions of prominent historical figures who played a significant role in our country's history. One such figure is Amir Timur, who is revered not only in Uzbekistan but also globally. While he is highly esteemed in many Western countries as a wise statesman and potential global leader, opinions about him vary in other parts of the world. In the Asian region, Timur is hailed as the "liberator of Europe" and is widely respected, as evidenced by the erection of a statue and the creation of various literary depictions of him in different genres of fiction.

Digital communication has radically transformed language use, with social media platforms acting as catalysts for lexical innovation. This study investigates neologisms emerging in English digital discourse on Twitter, TikTok, Reddit, and Instagram. Using a corpus-based approach, we compiled a 120,000-word sample to identify and classify 83 newly coined lexical items by their morphological features and semantic fields. Our findings reveal the significant role of digital environments in fostering linguistic creativity and driving the gradual standardization of neologisms. The implications for English lexicology, sociolinguistics, and digital linguistics are discussed.

Ushbu maqola malakali gandbolchilarni maxsus chidamliligini shakllantirish metodikasini ishlab chiqish va uning jismoniy tayyorgarlik darajasiga ta’sirini aniqlashga qaratilgan. Tadqiqotda 12 haftalik mashg‘ulotlar davomida maxsus chidamlilikni rivojlantirish uchun turli xil mashqlar amalga oshirilgan. Mashg‘ulotlar davomida maxsus chidamlilikning o‘ziga xos sifatlari, jumladan, tezkor-kuch va anaerob-laktat chidamliligi rivojlantirilgan.