Ushbu maqolada Buyuk Ipak yo‘lining Farg‘ona vodiysi tarixiy taraqqiyotidagi o‘rni, vodiyning qadimgi va o‘rta asrlardagi savdo-iqtisodiy, siyosiy hamda madaniy jarayonlardagi ahamiyati tadqiq etiladi. Farg‘ona vodiysining Sharq va G‘arbni bog‘lovchi muhim geografik hudud sifatidagi mavqei, uning xalqaro savdo yo‘llari tizimiga integratsiyalashuvi hamda hududdagi shaharlarning savdo-hunarmandchilik markazlari sifatida shakllanish jarayonlari tahlil qilinadi. Shuningdek, Buyuk Ipak yo‘li orqali ipak, ziravorlar, metall buyumlar, hunarmandchilik mahsulotlari va boshqa tovarlarning harakatlanishi bilan bir qatorda, turli xalqlar o‘rtasida ilm-fan, din, san’at, me’morchilik, urf-odat va texnologiyalarning tarqalishi ham yoritiladi. Maqolada Farg‘ona vodiysidagi shaharlar rivojining savdo yo‘llari bilan o‘zaro bog‘liqligi, karvon savdosining iqtisodiy va ijtimoiy hayotga ta’siri hamda madaniy almashinuvning mintaqa tarixiy taraqqiyotidagi ahamiyati manbalar va ilmiy tadqiqotlar asosida tahlil qilinadi. Tadqiqot natijalari Buyuk Ipak yo‘lining Farg‘ona vodiysini nafaqat iqtisodiy, balki sivilizatsiyalararo madaniy muloqot makoniga aylantirganini ko‘rsatadi.

Keng miqyosda olingan retrospektiv tahlilga ko‘ra, dunyodagi teleko‘rsatuvlarning 60 foizini ko‘ngilochar dasturlar tashkil etadi. Televideniening OAV sifatidagi taqdiri hal qilinayotib, ko‘pincha bu dasturlar tanqid ob’ektiga aylanadi. Mazkur maqolada O‘zbekiston va Yaponiya televideniyalari misolida axboriy va ko‘ngilochar dasturlar rivojlanishining asosiy tendensiyalari, televidenie sanoatining jamoatchilik talablariga qanday javob berishi tahlil qilinadi. Olingan natijalar asosida muallif tomonidan teleindustriyadagi talab va taklif o‘rtasidagi bog‘liqlik tadqiq etilgan.

This article examines the prospects for expanding the range of banking products through the introduction of Islamic banking instruments. The study highlights the growing demand for financial services based on the principles of Sharia, including the prohibition of interest, risk-sharing, asset-backed financing, transparency, and ethical investment. Particular attention is paid to such Islamic financial products as murabaha, mudarabah, musharakah, ijara, salam, istisna, and sukuk, as well as their potential application in retail banking, corporate financing, investment projects, housing finance, and support for small and medium-sized enterprises. The research applies comparative analysis, systematic review, statistical observation, and logical generalization methods to assess the international experience of Islamic banking and its relevance to the banking sector of Uzbekistan.

Среди известных сверхпроводников купратные сверхпроводники отличаются высокой критической температурой, что делает их идеальными для современных применений. В данном исследовании мы сосредоточиваемся на одном из таких купратных сверхпроводников — YBaₓCuₓOₓ (YBCO). С целью получения высококачественных пленок YBCO с осями a и c были выращены пленки YBCO методом молекулярно-лучевой эпитаксии (MBE) из оксида и проанализированы с помощью дифракции высокоэнергетических электронов (RHEED), рентгеновской дифракции (XRD) и рентгеновской рефлексии (XRR). МЭДР позволила осуществлять мониторинг роста пленки in situ, а РДГ использовалась для анализа качества структуры, оценки изменений, необходимых для получения плёнок лучшего качества, и определения констант решётки. Наконец, РРР позволила оценить шероховатость поверхности и толщину плёнки. В целом, эти методы позволили вырастить высококачественные тонкоплёночные образцы YBCO с осями a и c.

This article analyzes the national values, humanistic qualities, and traditions of upbringing of the Uzbek people as they are revealed in difficult life circumstances. Particular attention is paid to compassion, generosity, patience, solidarity, hospitality, and respect for bread as important elements of Uzbek moral and cultural values. The story of one loaf of bread being divided into 101 pieces and shared among people after three days of hunger is considered as a symbolic example of humanity, unity, and true upbringing. Bread is interpreted not only as a source of food but also as a symbol of labor, blessing, gratitude, and solidarity. The article also examines the importance of these values, which were shaped through historical hardships, for the moral education of the younger generation in contemporary society.