This article explores the concept of accountability in international organizations, focusing on how control by members and access to information are critical indicators of accountability. It highlights the mechanisms through which member states or shareholders can exert influence over decision-making processes, especially in intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations. The article delves into the roles of governing and executive bodies in these organizations, examining the importance of equitable representation and transparency. It also addresses how access to information influences organizational accountability, emphasizing that without proper disclosure, stakeholders cannot effectively hold organizations accountable. Additional indicators, such as the process of appointing senior officials, decision enforcement, evaluation procedures, consultation with external stakeholders, complaint mechanisms, and social responsibility, are briefly discussed.

Bul maqalada stress hám stressti basqarıw boyınsha maǵlıwmatlar berilgen. motivaciyanıń ishki hám sırtqı túrleri boyınsha ulıwma xarakteristikası haqqında maǵlıwmat berilgen. Stresstiń hár qanday túrindegi fiziologiyalıq hám emocional reakciyalardı basqarıw, shaxstıń stresske shıdamlılıǵı boyınsha pikirler júritilgen.

Motiv ha'm motivaciya haqqinda tu'sinik. Motivaciya haqqinda alimlardin' ko'z qarashlari. Motivaciya teoriyalari.

Ushbu maqola temperamentning asosiy turlari, ularning xususiyatlari va inson shaxsiyati bilan bog‘liq o‘rni haqida so‘z yuritadi. Temperament — insonning tug‘ma hissiy va psixologik xususiyatlari bo‘lib, ijtimoiy munosabatlar, faoliyat va hissiy reaktsiyalarni shakllantiradi. Maqolada to‘rt asosiy temperament turi: sangvinik, xolerik, flegmatik va melankolik keltirilgan va har bir turga xos xususiyatlar va afzalliklar muhokama qilinadi. Shuningdek, temperamentni tushunish va anglashning shaxsiy rivojlanishdagi ahamiyati ta'kidlanadi.

Bul maqalada motivaciyanıń processual teoriyası hám adalatlılıq teoriyaları boyınsha maǵlıwmatlar berilgen. Maqalada V.Vroomnıń kútiwler teoriyası, Dj.S.Adamstıń teoriyası, J.Rawlstıń adalat teoriyası, utilitarizm, kommunikativ adalat, teńlik hám teń huquqlıq haqqında pikirler bayan qılınǵan.