Ushbu maqolada Qashqar rubobining kelib chiqishi, o‘zbek xalqining musiqa madaniyatidagi o‘rni va ahamiyati haqida so‘z yuritiladi. Tadqiqot jarayonida tarixiy manbalar o‘rganilib, rubobning shakllanish bosqichlari hamda bugungi kundagi ijrochilik an’analari tahlil qilinadi. Natijalar rubobning milliy musiqamizdagi beqiyos o‘rni va estetik qiymatini yoritishga qaratilgan.
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic immune-mediated disorder of the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by inflammatory demyelination, axonal injury, and progressive neurodegeneration [1–4]. Although historically regarded as a T cell–driven disease, accumulating evidence demonstrates that MS arises from complex interactions between adaptive and innate immune systems, genetic susceptibility, and environmental exposures [5,10]. Aberrant activation of autoreactive lymphocytes, dysregulated cytokine signaling, breakdown of immune tolerance, and sustained microglial activation collectively drive CNS pathology [1,18–20]. This review provides an in-depth and updated analysis of the immunological mechanisms underlying MS pathogenesis, with particular emphasis on immune tolerance failure, lymphocyte trafficking, antigen presentation, neuroimmune crosstalk, and chronic inflammatory neurodegeneration.
Har qanday raqamli loyihaning yuragi bo`lgan veb-sahifalar qurilishi HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language) bilan boshlanadi. Ushbu maqolada HTML hujjatining eng muhim strukturaviy poydevori ya’ni “skeleti”ni tushunishga yordam beradi. <DOCTYPE> deklaratsiyasidan tortib, <head> ichidagi meta-ma’lumotlarning ahamiyatini batafsil ko`rib chiqamiz. Asosiy e’tibor <body> qismiga qaratiladi, unda siz sahifangizni mazmun bilan to`ldirish uchun eng ko`p qo`llaniladigan elementlar, jumladan, sarlavha (<h1><h6>), xatboshilar(<p>), media(<img>) va navigatsiya(<a>) elementlarining to`g`ri qo`llanilishini o`rganiladi. Qo`llanma orqali sz shunchakikod yozishni emas, balki standartlarga javob bera oladigan, tartibli va yaxshi tuzilgan veb-sahifalarni yaratish uchun fundamental bilimlarni egallaysiz.
Ushbu mаqolаdа, g'ovаk muhitlаrdа bir komponentli suspenziyа sizishi jаrаyonlаrini tаhlil qilish dаsturiy tа'minotini yаrаtish hаqidа fikr yuritilаdi. Bir komponentli suspenziyаlаrning g'ovаkli muhit orqаli oqishi gidrogeologiyа, neft muhаndisligi, аtrof-muhitni muhofаzа qilish vа filtrlаsh fаnidа muhim hodisа hisoblаnаdi. Suspenziyаni tаshish, ushlаb turish vа yutuqni tushunish vа bаshorаt qilish mustаhkаm mаtemаtik modellаr vа hisoblаsh vositаlаrini tаlаb qilаdi.