This article offers an in-depth examination of the theoretical underpinnings of word formation in the English language and elucidates its significance within contemporary linguistic inquiry. Word formation represents a fundamental component of the linguistic system, facilitating the generation of new lexical units, the continual enrichment of the vocabulary, and the emergence of nuanced semantic developments. The study provides a comprehensive analysis of the principal mechanisms of word formation—including affixation, compounding, conversion, abbreviation, and blending—highlighting their functional properties, their distribution across diverse communicative registers, and the evolutionary tendencies shaped by shifting communicative demands. Furthermore, the article investigates the dynamic restructuring of English word-formation processes under the influence of globalization, digital interaction, and technological advancement, as well as the proliferation of neologisms and their growing relevance within international discourse. The findings substantiate that the morphological system of English is undergoing persistent transformation and that the mechanisms of word formation are intricately intertwined with social, cultural, and technological determinants.

This article explores the role of intercultural communication in a globalized world where interactions among nations and cultures are rapidly expanding. The study analyzes theoretical and practical contributions of the English language as a primary medium of international communication in education, diplomacy, business, and digital environments. It examines the relationship between language and culture, the development of intercultural competence, and strategies for reducing communication barriers. The findings demonstrate that strengthening intercultural competence is essential for promoting mutual understanding, peace, and cooperation in an increasingly interconnected world.

Mazkur maqolada ekologiya fanining tarixiy ildizlari, uning “Avesto” kabi qadimiy manbalardagi dastlabki talqinlari hamda O‘zbekistonda ekologik ilmiy maktablarning shakllanish jarayoni yoritilgan. Tadqiqot iqlim o‘zgarishi va qurg‘oqchil hududlarda ekologik muammolarning kuchayishi sharoitida ekologiya fanining nazariy va amaliy ahamiyatini asoslaydi. D. N. Kashkarov, A. L. Brodskiy, T. Z. Zohidov kabi o‘zbek olimlarining ilmiy merosi ekologiya fanining rivojida muhim o‘rin tutgani ko‘rsatib beriladi. Shuningdek, biogeotsenoz, ekotop, klimatop kabi ekologik tushunchalarning shakllanishi va ular orqali tabiat–jamiyat munosabatlarining ilmiy tahlili amalga oshiriladi.

Nutq faoliyatimizda harakatlarni ifodalashda fe’lning grammatik ma’nolari muhim o’rinni egallaydi. Shu bilan birga, tilshunoslik fanining asosiy yo'nalishlaridan biri bo'lgan aspektologiyada, “fe'lning aspekti”, ya'ni vid (tus), harakat qanday sodir bo'layotgani to'g'risidagi ma'lumot berib, tugallangan (telik) va tugallanmagan (atelik) turlari farqlanadi. Maqolada ingliz tilining “Past Perfect (o'tgan tugallangan)” zamoniga oid jumlalar olingan bo'lib, ularning tugallanganlik/tugallanmaganlik xususiyatlari tahlil qilinadi. Buning ustiga bu jumlalarning o'zbek tiliga tarjima variantlari ham solishtirma tahlil qilingan. Tadqiqot materiali sifatida “J.K. Rowlingning "Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone" romani tanlanib, o'tgan tugallangan zamon jumlalari telik va atelik aspektlariga ajratilib, ularning ingliz-uzbek tilida ifodalanish mexanizmlari o'rganildi. Natijalarda ingliz tilida Past Perfect Simple ning deyarli doim telik aspektli ekanligi, atelik aspektli tugallangan o’tgan zamon esa juda kam miqdorda aniqlangan. Masalaning mazkur jihatlari ikkala tilga oid misollar orqali yoritilgan

Bemorlarni parvarish qilishda zamonaviy yondashuvlar bugungi tibbiyotning eng muhim yo‘nalishlaridan biridir. Tibbiyot texnologiyalarining tezkor rivojlanishi, raqamli monitoring tizimlari va shaxsga yo‘naltirilgan parvarish usullari bemorning tiklanish jarayonini tezlashtiradi, asoratlar xavfini kamaytiradi va davolash samaradorligini oshiradi. Hamshiralik amaliyotida elektron tibbiy kartalar, masofaviy maslahat berish (telehamshiralik), hamda mobil sog‘lomlashtirish ilovalari yordamida bemorlarni doimiy kuzatish imkoniyati yaratilmoqda. Parvarish jarayonida axborot texnologiyalarining qo‘llanishi tibbiyot xodimlariga bemorning holatini real vaqt rejimida nazorat qilish, dori vositalarini to‘g‘ri berish, parhezni kuzatish va psixologik yordam ko‘rsatish imkonini beradi. Shuningdek, innovatsion yondashuvlar bemor va hamshira o‘rtasida ishonchni mustahkamlaydi, bu esa reabilitatsiya jarayonining muvaffaqiyatini belgilaydi.